成考高起點(diǎn)英語虛擬語氣誤用辨析
2008-09-26 14:58:37 來源：
1.中文：我要是你，我不會(huì)那么做。
�。ㄕ`）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
�。ㄕ㊣ shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
�。ㄕ㊣f my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would，might等過去時(shí)。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
�。ㄕ`）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
�。ㄕ㊣f it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
�。ㄕ`）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
�。ㄕ㊣ don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
�。ㄕ`）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
�。ㄕ〩ad he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
�。ㄕ￤ere she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
�。ㄕ`）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí)，后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
�。ㄕ`）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
�。ㄕ㏕hey have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
11.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
�。ㄕ`）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學(xué)。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
�。ㄕ`）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
�。ㄕ`）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
�。ㄕ`）The war was broken out in 1937.
�。ㄕ㏕he war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
�。ㄕ㊣ can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
�。ㄕ〩e tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
�。ㄕ㏕he man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
�。ㄕ`）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
�。ㄕ㊣ shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
�。ㄕ㊣f my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would，might等過去時(shí)。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
�。ㄕ`）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
�。ㄕ㊣f it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
�。ㄕ`）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
�。ㄕ㊣ don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
�。ㄕ`）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
�。ㄕ〩ad he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
�。ㄕ￤ere she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
�。ㄕ`）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí)，后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
�。ㄕ`）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
�。ㄕ㏕hey have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
11.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
�。ㄕ`）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學(xué)。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
�。ㄕ`）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
�。ㄕ`）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
�。ㄕ`）The war was broken out in 1937.
�。ㄕ㏕he war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
�。ㄕ㊣ can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
�。ㄕ〩e tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
�。ㄕ㏕he man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
