國(guó)內(nèi)冬令營(yíng)

國(guó)內(nèi)冬令營(yíng)報(bào)名咨詢電話：010-51294614　 15901372781

英文學(xué)習(xí)：為什么總是那么困

來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-12-27

育路冬令營(yíng)咨詢

專(zhuān)業(yè)咨詢老師幫你挑選最適合您的精彩冬令營(yíng)線路

導(dǎo)讀：掛著黑眼圈，打著哈欠，混混沌沌的來(lái)到了公司……這個(gè)恐怕已經(jīng)不是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象了，我們的大腦為什么總是需要那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間休息呢？為什么我們總是那么困呢？

　　Ying-Hui Fu is a neurologist at the University of California at San Francisco. She and her colleagues were doing a large scale sleep study when they came across a mother and daughter who had an unusual change to their genetic code. Both had the same mutation of a gene known to help regulate the body clocks of animals.

　　傅穎慧是舊金山加利福尼亞大學(xué)的一名神經(jīng)病學(xué)家，她和她的同事們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一對(duì)母女的遺傳密碼發(fā)生了異常變化——她們體內(nèi)一種眾所周知有助調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)物生物鐘的基因發(fā)生了同樣的突變，于是他們進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的睡眠研究。

　　Ying-Hui Fu: When these people have this mutation, their sleep amount is less. Normal people need eight to eight-and-a-half hours of sleep. These people sleep five and a half to six.

　　Even though the pair weren’t sleeping as much, they seemed fine.

　　 Fu: It’s not like they have sleep problem. They just don’t sleep as much.

　　傅穎慧：當(dāng)這些人有這種基因變化時(shí)，他們的睡眠量較少。一般人需要八到八個(gè)半小時(shí)的睡眠，而這些人只需要睡五個(gè)半到六個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　盡管這對(duì)母女沒(méi)有一般人睡得多，但她們精神不錯(cuò)。

　　傅：她們沒(méi)有睡眠問(wèn)題，只是睡得不像一般人那么多。

　　Do they feel tired?

　　Fu: Not more than most regular people.

　　 Fu’s group wanted to study the effect of the mutation in a more controlled way, so they created a strain of mice with the same genetic change. Sure enough, they found that these mice slept less than the average mouse. What’s more, they seemed to recover more quickly from periods of sleep deprivation. The work is an important step forward, says Charles Czeisler, a sleep expert at Harvard Medical School.

　　Charles Czeisler: This study really shows that uh, the amount of sleep that we need each night is genetically hard-wired; this tiny genetic change is making a huge change in the behavior of both the people and the animals.

　　她們覺(jué)得困乏嗎？

　　傅：不會(huì)比多數(shù)普通人感到困乏。傅的團(tuán)隊(duì)想要更可控地研究這種基因突變的效果，所以他們改造出一種擁有同種基因變化的老鼠。果不其然，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些老鼠比一般的老鼠睡得少。而且，它們似乎能從短時(shí)間的睡眠剝奪中更快地恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的睡眠專(zhuān)家查爾斯·切斯勒說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)研究成果向前邁出了重要的一步。”

　　查爾斯·切斯勒：這項(xiàng)研究其實(shí)表明，嗯，我們每晚所需的睡眠量是先天的基因決定的，這個(gè)微小的基因變化對(duì)人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物的行為都產(chǎn)生了巨大的改變。

　　In some ways, this study raises as many questions as it answers about sleep. Czeisler says that it doesn’t prove that people with the mutation function as well as the rest of us; it’s possible that they’re just unable to get the sleep they need. He says it’s hard to tell because we really don’t understand the process of sleep at all.

　　Czeisler: No one really knows what the function of sleep is, although the leading hypothesisis that sleep’s core function relates to the repair and reorganization of brain cells.

　　 Still, studying this gene could help give clues about how and why we sleep. As for those of us who don’t have the mutation, Ying-Hui Fu says that we shouldn’t try and beat our genetic code.

　　從某些方面來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究解答了許多睡眠問(wèn)題，也提出了許多睡眠問(wèn)題。切斯勒說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究并沒(méi)有證明這些基因突變的人和我們其余的人睡眠功能一樣好，也許他們根本無(wú)法獲得所需的睡眠。他說(shuō)這很難說(shuō)，因?yàn)槲覀冋娴臒o(wú)法完全了解睡眠的全過(guò)程。

　　切斯勒：沒(méi)有人真正了解睡眠的功能是什么，盡管最主要的假設(shè)是睡眠的核心功能和大腦細(xì)胞的修復(fù)和重組有關(guān)。

　　然而，研究這種基因可以幫助我們找到如何進(jìn)行睡眠以及為什么睡覺(jué)的線索。而對(duì)于我們這些沒(méi)有這種基因突變的人來(lái)說(shuō)，傅穎慧說(shuō)我們不應(yīng)該試圖去破壞我們的遺傳密碼

　　單詞釋義：

　　1. mutation/ n. 變化，突變。

　　 2. strain / n. 品種，種類(lèi)，類(lèi)型。

　　 3. sleep deprivation 睡眠剝奪（障礙）也就是失眠，或者說(shuō)是因種種原因不能達(dá)到按生理要求每個(gè)年齡段應(yīng)當(dāng)睡眠的時(shí)間。睡眠剝奪包括完全性睡眠剝奪、不完全性睡眠剝奪、選擇性睡眠剝奪、片斷化睡眠和恢復(fù)睡眠。

　　4. hard-wired: 天生的，本能的。

　　5. hypothesis / n. 假說(shuō)，假設(shè)。

2012年寒假冬令營(yíng)報(bào)名網(wǎng)站：http://www.hjdly.com/

新東方冬令營(yíng)：http://xibeimiaomu.cn/donglingying/xindongfang/

http://xibeimiaomu.cn/donglingying/xindongfang/news/733881.shtml

全國(guó)報(bào)名電話：010-51299614　51294614　　　李老師