2009年國際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語第八章講義
來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-06-15 17:08:42
一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海運(yùn)提單的一般概念 (考試重點(diǎn))
1-1 課文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.
注釋：marine bills of lading: 海運(yùn)提單 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 international sales of goods: 國際貨物的銷售 carriage: 運(yùn)輸
課文意思：海運(yùn)提單主要用于國際貨物銷售的海上運(yùn)輸中。
1-2 課文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海運(yùn)提單的定義，掌握)
注釋：definition: 定義 vary from: 不同 broadly: 寬廣地，廣泛, 總體而言 on board: 在船上 stating: 陳述，申明
課文意思：每個(gè)國家對(duì)于提單的定義各有不同�？傮w而言，提單是貨物裝船的收據(jù);它由達(dá)成貨物運(yùn)輸協(xié)議的承運(yùn)人簽字，上有貨物送到船上及被船方接收的條款。
1-3 課文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract.
注釋：actual: 實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的 excellent: 極好的，卓越的 evidence: 證據(jù)，憑證
課文意思：提單不是實(shí)際的合同，但卻構(gòu)成據(jù)以履行合同條款極好的保證。
我國《海商法》對(duì)提單的定義：提單，是指用以證明海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和貨物已經(jīng)由承運(yùn)人接收或者裝船，以及承運(yùn)人保證據(jù)以交付貨物的單證。提單中載明的向記名人交付貨物，或者按照指示人的指示交付貨物，或者向提單持有人交付貨物的條款，構(gòu)成承運(yùn)人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證。
二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海運(yùn)提單的作用
海洋提單的三個(gè)作用(考試重點(diǎn))
1.Receipt for the goods shipped 貨物裝船的收據(jù)
課文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship.
注釋：receipt: 收據(jù) issue: 簽發(fā) carrier: 承運(yùn)人 identifiable: 可以確認(rèn)的 consignment: (貨物的)交托，交貨，發(fā)貨，運(yùn)送
課文意思： 提單是由承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)的有關(guān)承運(yùn)人已接管提單所明確記載的貨物或?qū)⒇浳镅b船的證明。
課文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded, ship’s name, port of loading, the destination, details of date and so on.
注釋：condition: 條件，環(huán)境 ，情形 destination: 目的地 details: 詳細(xì)資料 and so on: 等等
課文意思：提單作為收據(jù)將會(huì)列明所裝載貨物的數(shù)量和情況，船舶的名稱，裝運(yùn)港，目的地，以及詳細(xì)的日期等等。
2.Document of title to the goods. 貨物的物權(quán)憑證
課文：A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods. The possession of a bill of lading is equivalent in law to possession of the goods.
注釋：document of title: 物權(quán)憑證 possession：所有，所有權(quán)，持有，占有 equivalent: 相等的，相當(dāng)?shù)�，同意義的
課文意思：提單是貨物的物權(quán)憑證。持有提單在法律上等同于持有貨物。
課文：The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading.
注釋：holder: 持有者，所有者 be able to: 能夠 obtain: 獲得，得到 port of destination：目的港 transit: 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送 merely: 僅僅，只不過 endorse: 背書，在(票據(jù))背面簽名，認(rèn)可
課文意思：提單的持有者可以在目的港提取貨物并且在貨物的運(yùn)輸期間可以僅僅通過背書提單將貨物賣掉。
3.Evidence of contract 合同的證明
課文：Additionally, the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract.
注釋：additionally: 另外，加之，又 term: 條款 provide: 提供，規(guī)定 evidence: 證據(jù)，證明
課文意思：另外，提單的條款也為承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人之間運(yùn)輸合同提供了證明。提單的條款包含了合同中的條款。
三、Types of Marine Bills of Lading 海運(yùn)提單的類型 (考試重點(diǎn))
3-1 Order Bills of Lading 指示提單
特點(diǎn)：
1. Order bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consignee. 指示提單是由承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)給指定的托運(yùn)人或者收貨人。
2.The carrier, shipowner, charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee, but to any person designated by him. 承運(yùn)人，船東，租船人或者船長將在目的港交貨，不用單獨(dú)交付給指定的收貨人，可交付給任何其指定的人。(注釋：master: 船長 solely: 獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地 designated: 指定的，派定的)
3. An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. 一份指示提單是一份可轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)。(注釋：negotiable document: 可轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù))
4. Order bills made out to consignee “or order” can be transferred by them by endorsement. 提單載明收貨人或“由某人指示”的指示提單可通過收貨人或指示人背書進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓。(注釋：make out: 填寫，書寫，說明 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)讓，過戶 endorsement: 背書)
3-2 Straight Bills of Lading 記名提單
特點(diǎn)：
1.In contrast with the order bills of lading, straight bills are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. 與指示提單相比，記名提單載明指定的收貨人而沒有附加“由某人指示”的措辭。(注釋：in contrast with: 對(duì)比，和...形成對(duì)比)
2.Straight bills of lading is not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties. 記名提單是不可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，不能轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三方。(注釋：third parties: 第三方)
3.Delivery of goods can only be taken by the named consignee. 只能由指定的收貨人提取貨物。
3-3 Shipped Bills of Lading 已裝船提單
特點(diǎn)：
1. Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已裝船提單明確表明貨物已裝船，確定貨物已實(shí)際裝上船舶。( 注釋：state: 陳述，表明 definitely: 明確地，干脆地 confirm: 確定，確認(rèn) actually: 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上)
2.Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提單格式都會(huì)被打印成已裝船提單格式并且標(biāo)注“
已裝船外表狀況明顯良好“的措辭。(注釋：commence with: 從...開始 apparent: 外觀的)
3-4 Received for shipment Bills of Lading 收貨待運(yùn)提單
特點(diǎn)：
1.Received for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading. 收貨待運(yùn)提單表明貨物已經(jīng)收貨待運(yùn)，但是不顯示實(shí)際的裝載日期。(注釋：indicate: 指出，顯示)
2.The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded. 收貨待運(yùn)提單因班輪運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展而成長起來的并逐漸成為慣例，船東在實(shí)際裝載期之前幾個(gè)小時(shí)甚至幾天收到貨物。(注釋：grow up:成長，發(fā)展 development: 發(fā)展 liner services: 班輪運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù) )
3-5 Direct Bills of Lading 直達(dá)提單
特點(diǎn)：Direct bills of lading are those covering shipments between direct ports of loading or discharge. 直達(dá)提單是貨物從裝運(yùn)港直接運(yùn)至目的港卸貨的提單。(貨物從裝貨港受載后，中途不經(jīng)換船，直接運(yùn)至目的港卸船交付貨物的提單)
3-6 Through Bills of Lading 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單
特點(diǎn)：
1.Through bills of lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies. 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單是由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的海運(yùn)或鐵路運(yùn)輸公司負(fù)責(zé)貨物從或者至多個(gè)港口間的運(yùn)輸。(注釋：involve: 包括，涉及 shipping company: 海運(yùn)公司 railways:鐵道，鐵路)
2.The shipping company, for additional freight, undertakes to make all arrangements to get the goods to their destination. 海運(yùn)公司將承擔(dān)額外的運(yùn)費(fèi)保證貨物到達(dá)目的地。(注釋：additional:額外的，附加的 undertake: 承擔(dān)，保證 arrangement: 安排 )
3-7 Clean versus Foul Bills of Lading 清潔提單和不清潔提單
1.Clean bill of lading 清潔提單
課文：The clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “apparent good order and condition”, “clean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L. 清潔提單載明貨物受貨時(shí)無損壞，無異�；驘o短裝現(xiàn)象，通常提單上注明“貨物外表狀態(tài)良好”，“清潔已裝船”或類似的字樣。(注釋：damage: 損壞 irregularity: 異常 short shipment: 短裝 clean on board: 清潔已裝船 indicate: 顯示，表明)
2.Foul Bills of Lading 不清潔提單
課文：The foul bill of lading - unclean bill of lading, dirty bill of lading or claused bill of lading -is the opposite of the clean bill of lading. It bears an indication that the goods were received with damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “unclean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L, for example, “insufficient packing”, “missing safety seal” and “one carton short”. 不清潔提單是與清潔提單相對(duì)立的提單。提單上載明貨物受貨時(shí)有損壞，有異�；蚨萄b，通常會(huì)標(biāo)注“不清潔已裝船”或類似的字樣，比如“包裝不良”，“缺少安全封條”或“一箱短裝”等字樣。(注釋：opposite: 相對(duì)的，對(duì)立的，相反的 insufficient packing: 包裝不良 safety seal: 安全封條 carton: 紙箱)
