2012高考英語考點專題講練:代詞和數(shù)詞(3)
7.it的用法
①用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事情。
This bike is not mine. It‘s Peter’s.
②用以代替提示代詞this， that
—What is this？ —It‘s a pen.
—Whose book is that？ —It‘s Mike’s.
③起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物
—Who is knocking at the door？ —It‘s me.
—Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children.
④指環(huán)境情況等。
It was very quiet at the moment.
⑤指時間，季節(jié)，天氣，氣候等
—What time is it？ —It is eight o‘clock.
It often rains in summer.
⑥指距離
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
It is a long way to the factory.
⑦作形式主語和形式賓語
當(dāng)動詞不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語之后，而用it作句子的形式主語
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is not a good habit to stay up late.
It is no use crying over split milk.
It is a pity that you didn‘t read the book……
當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式，動名詞，賓語從句時，往往把賓語放在它的補足語后面，而用it作形式賓語，放在賓語補足語之前
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
注意：see to it that…（務(wù)必）和take it for granted that…（想當(dāng)然）句型中的it，以及詞組make it
中的it（做事成功，搞定）。
⑧用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)（詳見專題九）
要強調(diào)句子的某一部分（通常是主語，狀語，賓語）， 可以把it 當(dāng)作先行詞。這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是 “It is（was）+被強調(diào)部分+that （who ）+句子的其余部分” .如果強調(diào)的部分是人，可用who whom 代替that
I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
此句各部分被強調(diào)后句型如下：
It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park.
（二）數(shù)詞
數(shù)詞分兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
I.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞為基數(shù)詞。其表達式：
1.21-99的兩位數(shù)，在十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間加連字符構(gòu)成。如：fifty- three （53）
2.101-999的三位數(shù)由hundred加and再加兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。
three hundred and twenty-five （325）
3.基數(shù)詞hundred，thousand，million，billion表示確切數(shù)目時不能加s
five thousand students （五千個學(xué)生）
但在表示不確切數(shù)目時，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：hundreds of/thousands of students（許多學(xué)生）
4.dozen和score的復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)注意以下幾點：
①dozen表示：一打，十二個，score表示：二十；
②當(dāng)dozen與數(shù)詞，或many，several等連用時，不加“s”，所修飾的名詞前常省去“of‘；score則不然。
two dozen pencils兩打鉛筆
two score of pencils四十支鉛筆
dozens of people=scores of people許多人
③當(dāng)后面的名詞前有"these"，“those"，”them"，" us"等詞時， dozen后應(yīng)加"of ".
a dozen of these people
two dozen of them
three score and ten people中不加of（七十人）
II.序數(shù)詞：表示順序的數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞。其表達式：
1.序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞后+th構(gòu)成，前面一般加定冠詞the，表示“第幾”
the two hundredth，the eighteenth
加不定冠詞，則意為“又一，再一”。
I like the film very much， so I want to see it a second time.
2.以ty結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時，先把y改成i，再加eth.如：the twentieth，the fiftieth
3.不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有以下幾個：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth
4.“二十”以上的多位數(shù)，個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，其余仍用基數(shù)詞。
ninety-third one hundred and forty-ninth
5.基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞連用時，通常是序數(shù)詞在前
the first two pages of the book（這本書的前兩頁）
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
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