2012高考英語考點(diǎn)專題講練:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(2)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
①表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;
②表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。
③代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),描繪更加生動(dòng)。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。
The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
④與always, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;
He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。
She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。
⑤大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí),但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
常見的有:
▲感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear
▲情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心態(tài)類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有類:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
①表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作;
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
②表示從過去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),往往和“for……”, “since……”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用;
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
③表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
—She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.
④在時(shí)間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達(dá)將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
We‘ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意:這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前完成, 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時(shí);試比較:
I‘ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
She will call you when she gets home.
⑤短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,
break out等,在完成時(shí)態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。
要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說:He has joined the army three years.可采用:
▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.
▲“延續(xù)法”:He has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意:沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時(shí)間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用, 但“in(over) the
past/last+時(shí)間段“要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
①用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動(dòng)作;
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
②凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
5.一般過去時(shí)
①表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?yàn)椋?/p>
He often sang when he was a boy.
He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.
②用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。
用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。
I didn‘t know you were here.(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)
Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了)
這一用法考生要特別注意。
注意:參看過去將來時(shí)的用法②。
(責(zé)任編輯:張影)
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