2012高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專題講練:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣(3)
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may，此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序
May he live to an old age！愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲！
May God be with you！愿上帝保佑你！
7.shall/should
|
用于人稱 |
意義 |
|
|
shall |
第一、三人稱 |
征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn) |
|
第二、三人稱 |
說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅 |
|
|
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中 |
應(yīng)……，須……，得…… |
What shall we do this evening？
注意：may用于征求對(duì)方的許可，而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或指示：
May I have a look？我能看一看嗎？
Shall I have a look？需要我看一看嗎？
You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾）
He shall be punished.（威脅）
The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序
May he live to an old age!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!
May God be with you!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
|
用于人稱 |
意義 |
|
|
shall |
第一、三人稱 |
征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn) |
|
第二、三人稱 |
說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅 |
|
|
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中 |
應(yīng)……，須……，得…… |
What shall we do this evening?
注意：may用于征求對(duì)方的許可，而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或指示：
May I have a look?我能看一看嗎?
Shall I have a look?需要我看一看嗎?
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾)
He shall be punished.(威脅)
The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
|
should |
意義 |
|
①（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的）應(yīng)該 |
|
|
②（表預(yù)期的）應(yīng)該會(huì)，想必會(huì)，一定……會(huì)把 |
|
|
③（表驚訝、遺憾的）竟然、居然 |
|
|
④（與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表意外、驚訝、納悶等的）究竟是，到底 |
|
|
⑤（用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等詞后面的that從句中，且should可以省略）應(yīng)該，必須 |
①You should apologize to him.
②The photos should be ready by 12：00.
③I‘m surprised that you should speak in such a way.
④Who should ccome in but my old friend Betty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)了呢，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤I suggested that he （should）change his mind.
My suggestion was that he （should）change his mind.
注意：ought to表示 “應(yīng)該” （與should同義， 只是語(yǔ)氣稍重一些）， 也可表示推測(cè)。
You ought to take care of him.
He ought to be home by now.
8.will/would
①請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉客氣
Would you pass me the book？
②表示意志、愿望和決心
I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again
③可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.
④表示估計(jì)或猜想
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there？
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩中形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
If he dare come，I will kick him out.
I don‘t know whether he dare say.
Note：He doesn‘t dare（to）answer the question.
Does she dare（to）enter the dark room？
10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法
①could+have done：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做
You could have done better， but you didn‘t try your best.
②cannot+have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的否定推測(cè)
He cannot have been to that town.
③can+主語(yǔ)+have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Can he have got the book？
④might（may）+ have done：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)
He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road， we might have arrived earlier.
（Mood：might>may，possibility：might
⑤must+have done：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為：cannot have done
You must have seen the film.
You cannot have seen the film.
⑥needn‘t+have done：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
You needn‘t have watered the flowers，for it is going to rain.
注意：didn‘t need to（have to）do ：沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做
I didn‘t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
⑦should（ought to）+ have done：本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒(méi)有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
You should have started earlier， but you didn‘t.
She shouldn‘t have taken away my measuring tape， for I wanted to use it.
注意：本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測(cè)”的意思
He should have finished the work by now.
到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項(xiàng)工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①have to
have to表示 “必須， 不得不”， 在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近， 但must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法， 而
have to表示的卻是客觀需要。 have to比must有更多的形式。
The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.
The students will have to know how to use the computers.
注意：在回答must的問(wèn)句時(shí)， 否定式常用need not（needn‘t）或don’t have to表示 “不必”。而不用
must not， 因?yàn)閙ust not表示 “不可以”。
②used to
表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此）
—Did you use to go there to see your brother？ /Used you to go there to see your brother？
—Yes， I did（used to）。 /No ， I didn‘t （usedn’t）。
注意：would也可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③had better
表示 “最好（做……）”
We had better go now.
其否定式為had better not
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
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