高二英語下冊期中復(fù)習(xí)Unit1語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
英語屬于印歐語系中日耳曼語族下的西日耳曼語支，并通過英國的殖民活動(dòng)傳播到世界各地。由于在歷史上曾和多種民族語言接觸。育路小編準(zhǔn)備了Unit1語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望你喜歡。
主謂一致
英語句子要求句子的謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)上要一致。
主謂一致遵守三條原則：語法一致，意義一致，就近一致。
1. 語法一致
語法一致是指主語和謂語在形勢上的一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法一致是主謂一致的主要原則。
注意以下幾點(diǎn)。
1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞 v-ing 形式、從句等作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)或表語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
e.g. Much milk is offered to him. (不可數(shù)名詞作主語)
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.(V-ing形式作主語)
To nod one’s head means agreement. (動(dòng)詞不定式作主語)
What they said is true. (從句作主語)
Something is wrong with my bike.(不定代詞作主語)
What they need are books. (表語為復(fù)數(shù))
2)and 連接主語時(shí)，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
and 或both … and 連接的并列主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但是并列主語如果指的是同一件事或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
e.g. Both Jim and I are honest.
Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this school.
The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
When and where to build the new factory is not decided.
凡由and 連接兩個(gè)帶the (a或物主代詞)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);如果只有前一個(gè)名詞帶the (a 或物主代詞)， 則謂語用單數(shù)。
e.g. The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.
這位教授和這位作者已經(jīng)出版了幾本有關(guān)無線電的書。
The poet and writer is gone. 那個(gè)詩人兼作家走了。
A round and a square table were exhibited in the shop window.
櫥窗里展覽了一張圓桌和一張方桌。
3)主語 + 介詞(短語)
A
with
together with
along with
but, like
except, including
besides, as well as
+ B + v. ( 動(dòng)詞與 A 一致)
e.g. Nothing but stamps and envelops is for sale.
The teacher with a number of students plants trees every year.
4)下列情況謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
e.g. Every boy and every girl knows that each day and each hour brings its duty.
The number of the books in this library is 20,000.
e.g. The rich are not always happy. 富人并不總是快樂的。
The beautiful is higher than the good. 美的事物高于好的事物。
2. 意義一致
1)有生命的集體名詞作主語時(shí), 如果主語作為一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù); 如果主語看作其中的成員(個(gè)體)時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
常用的集體名詞: family, group, class, team, audience, government, club,
e.g.. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest.
Our group includes six boys and five girls.
Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan.
His family has just moved to Beijing.
Almost every family in the village has a man in the army.
村里幾乎每一個(gè)家庭都有一個(gè)男人在軍隊(duì)里。
練習(xí)：我們?nèi)胰苏诳措娨暋?/p>
2)無生命的集合名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
e.g. The furniture he bought was made in France.
3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語的形式要與前面的名詞在意義上保持一致。
這類名詞有: deer, sheep, fish, means, works (工廠), plastics 等。
e.g. A sheep was grazing in the meadow. 一只羊在草地上吃草。
Some sheep were grazing in the meadow. 幾只羊在草地上吃草。
Every means has been tried to improve teaching and learning.
各種方法被嘗試以便提高教學(xué)。
All possible means have been taken to save the boy.
所有可能的辦法都被采納以挽救男孩的生命。
3. 就近一致
or, either … or , neither … nor, not … but …, not only … but also, whether … or … 等連詞, 連接并列主語時(shí), 謂語與它最靠近的主語一致。
e.g. There is a desk and three chairs in the room.
對比 There are three chairs and a desk in the room.
I don’t think either of them have arrived.
我認(rèn)為他們兩個(gè)都還沒到。
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been replaced.
不但更換了開關(guān)還更換了舊電線。
Either fans or an air-conditioner is needed for this laboratory.
實(shí)驗(yàn)室不裝電扇就裝空調(diào)。
高二英語下冊期中復(fù)習(xí)Unit1語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)就為大家介紹到這里，希望對你有所幫助。
(責(zé)任編輯：彭海芝)
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