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高二英語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空陷阱題分類透析與演練

2016-12-05 23:49:25 來(lái)源:高考網(wǎng)

  高考命題者常常利用熟悉的句型結(jié)構(gòu),或者一些固定搭配來(lái)制造陷阱,讓考生在非常神氣的心情中快速地得出錯(cuò)誤的答案。針對(duì)這種情況,筆者粗略歸納了常見(jiàn)陷阱題的類型并加以分析,希望能對(duì)同學(xué)們?cè)诮忸}過(guò)程中巧識(shí)陷阱有所幫助。

  1.思維定勢(shì)型

  思維定勢(shì)是指人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的思維過(guò)程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。它是一把雙刃劍,如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng),它可以幫助考生將考題內(nèi)容與以前所學(xué)知識(shí)迅速聯(lián)系起來(lái),并在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)集解決問(wèn)題所需的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理,并很快得出正確的結(jié)論;但若運(yùn)用不當(dāng),它便會(huì)誤導(dǎo)考生掉入命題人所預(yù)設(shè)的陷阱,得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。

  例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.

  A. locking

  B. locked

  C. to lock

  D. to be locked

  解析:答案為B,但考生易誤選A,以為是考查spend...(in)doing結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí),不是“鎖門”花去了三小時(shí),而是“將自己鎖在書(shū)房里度過(guò)了三小時(shí)”,用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

  2.規(guī)則硬套型

  就是指不從語(yǔ)言實(shí)際出發(fā),不考慮特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,而是機(jī)械地套用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,生搬硬套語(yǔ)法的條條框框,從而錯(cuò)誤地作出選擇。

  例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.

  A. to prevent, to live   B. to prevent, from living

  C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living

  解析:答案為C,但易誤選B,認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填to,是不定式符號(hào),第二空是prevent... (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其實(shí)devote ... to ... (把……奉獻(xiàn)給……)中的to是介詞,接-ing形式;第二空也不是“阻止污染過(guò)上幸福生活”,而是“為了過(guò)上幸福生活而阻止污染”,用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。

  3.母語(yǔ)干擾型

  學(xué)外語(yǔ)最忌母語(yǔ)干擾,但由于母語(yǔ)在大腦中根深蒂固,所以常常會(huì)對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語(yǔ)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。命題者也往往利用這一點(diǎn),制造陷阱。

  例3 I’ll come to see you if______.

  A. you’re convenient

  B. it is convenient for you

  C. you feel convenient

  D. it is convenient with you

  解析:答案為B,但易誤選A或C,因?yàn)榘礉h語(yǔ)意思,“如果你方便的話”,易直譯為if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事實(shí)上,英語(yǔ)中表示“如果你方便的話”,通常說(shuō)if it is convenient for(to)you。

  4.插入隔離型

  有時(shí)一個(gè)本來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單的句子,在其中置入一個(gè)插入成分,或?qū)⒛承┏煞謴恼N恢谜{(diào)入一個(gè)在同學(xué)們看來(lái)屬“非正常”的位置,則很有可能給同學(xué)們的理解帶來(lái)困難。

  例4 He ran as fast as he could ______the bus.

  A. catch  B. to catch  C. catching D. caught

  解析: 答案為B,但易選A,以為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后要接動(dòng)詞原形。其實(shí),這里的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后已省略了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形run了,后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。

  5.借用倒裝型

  英語(yǔ)句子的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)?ldquo;主語(yǔ)部分+謂語(yǔ)部分”,如果把謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分放到主語(yǔ)前面,我們稱之為倒裝。命題者就利用這種“不正常”的句式跟你“繞彎子”。解決類似的題目,關(guān)鍵是要熟悉倒裝規(guī)則,學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別倒裝句。

  例5 _______he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

  A. When   B. If     C. Had     D. Has

  解析: 答案為C,但易誤選B。若選B,主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)就會(huì)矛盾了,根據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)的形式,前面要用過(guò)去完成式had followed才對(duì)。其實(shí),這里的if被省略,將had提前了。

  下面就請(qǐng)你練練身手吧!你可別掉進(jìn)陷阱喲,萬(wàn)一掉進(jìn)去了,那就要好好反思一下,并希望你能從中獲得一些啟發(fā)。

  1. ______smoking here will be fined.

  A. Who   B. Whomever C. Anyone D. Whoever

  2. After______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.

  A. which   B. it     C. what  D. that

  3. ______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

  A. It    B. As   C. That   D. What

  4. He is always really rude, ______is why people tend to avoid him.

  A. that   B. it   C. this   D. which

  5. Mr. Smith is a painter, ______I should also like to be.

  A. that   B. which  C. who   D. it

  6. According to the rules, students must not ______their books during examinations.

  A. read    B. watch  C. notice   D. look at

  7. Remind him ______ the window when he leaves.

  A. of closing  B. closing  C. to close  D. close

  8. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______ some bananas and visited her cousin.

  A. bought  B. buying  C. to buy  D. buy

  9. It was 10 o'clock ______ the front doorbell rang.

  A. where   B. when  C. that   D. which

  10. ______, we went for a swim.

  A. Being hot      B. It being hot

  C. As it is hot      D. It was hot

  11. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.

  A. could learning    B. learned

  C. to learn       D. could learn

  12. —Did they all pass the driving test?

  —No, ______ only three of them who passed it.

  A. there was      B. that was

  C. there were       D. it was

  13. The “Two Cities” referred ______ London and Paris.

  A. is to         B. to be

  C. to are       D. to going to be

  14. This is the main use that the scientists make ______ of natural resources.

  A. it    B. which  C. use   D. /

  15. Mr. Smith is______ a good teacher______ we all respect.

  A. such, that      B. such, as

  C. so, that       D. so, as

  16. If you want to go to see the movie,so ______ I.

  A. do    B. am   C. will   D. should

  17. Which do you enjoy ______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?

  A. spending       B. to spend

  C. being spent      D. spend

  18. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?

  A. that   B. which  C. where  D. what

  答案與簡(jiǎn)析

  1. C smoking here做后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)anyone。若把smoking改為smokes, 那就選D。

  2. C after 在此處是介詞,what(=the time that)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

  3. B as引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,代表后面整句話的意思。若把逗號(hào)改為that, 就選A, it 是形式主語(yǔ),that 從句為主語(yǔ)從句。

  4. D which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。假如把逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)或分號(hào),就用It或That。

  5. B which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是表示職業(yè)身份的a painter。

  6. D 句意為“學(xué)生們考試時(shí)不能看書(shū)(作弊)”,不是讀書(shū)的意思。

  7. C remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事;remind sb of sth使某人想起類似的人或事。

  8. A and連接了三個(gè)動(dòng)詞。

  9. B it在此指時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。若在10 o?蒺clock前加上at,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)了。

  10. B 前后主語(yǔ)不一致,不能選A;C項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不符;句子之間沒(méi)有連接詞,不能選D。

  11. A 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could 后本來(lái)有動(dòng)詞原形spend,只是被省略了。

  12. D 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

  13. C referred to是后置定語(yǔ)。

  14. D that the scientists make of是定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞that代表先行詞use;make use of(利用)為固定短語(yǔ)。

  15. B 因respect缺賓語(yǔ),是定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞前有such,用關(guān)系代詞as。若在respect后加上him,就選A。

  16. C 條件狀語(yǔ)從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),后面的主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),用shall或will。

  17. B 指代fishing or watching TV的which才是enjoy的賓語(yǔ),enjoy后是目的狀語(yǔ)。

  18. C 這里的around不是介詞而是副詞,用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

  (責(zé)任編輯:陳海巖)

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