高考英語名詞考點透析
名詞是高考英語復習最大的一個部分，因此名詞的復習也是最困難的，掌握高考英語名詞考點可以幫助大家更好的進行專項提升。
[1] 單、復數(shù)名詞的正確使用
[例] They have all sorts of course. (2006陜西高考·改錯 )
[析] 英語中，名詞有單數(shù)、復數(shù)或不可數(shù)的形式。本題中的course是可數(shù)名詞，意指“課程”，故應用復數(shù)形式courses。
[2] 僅以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞
[例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考·改錯)
[析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝語，相當于漢語的“祝你年年有今日，歲歲有今朝!”returns 在此處便是約定俗成的用法。
除這一結(jié)構(gòu)外，像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情況), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the 1990’s (或in the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等，也都是常用或只用復數(shù)的名詞式。
[3] 純粹不可數(shù)名詞的使用
[例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that... (2006江西高考·改錯)
[析] 在英語中，有些名詞, 如advice(建議), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等，無論在什么情況下都是不可數(shù)的，所以這些詞沒有復數(shù)形式，也不可把其與不定冠詞連用�？梢�，such a great progress 使用有誤(須改為such great progress)。再例： She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. (2004高考福建卷·改錯)由于homework為不可數(shù)名詞，所以，作業(yè)再多，也無復數(shù)。
[4] 轉(zhuǎn)義名詞的考查熱點
[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life. (2004遼寧高考)
A. a; the B. the; a
C. 不填; the D. a; 不填
[析] 本題旨在考查考生對understanding和life這兩個名詞可數(shù)性的界定：understanding已為轉(zhuǎn)義用法，life在此泛指“人生”，是不可數(shù)名詞，故而便可正確選用冠詞。
[5] 名詞與形容詞定語的區(qū)別
[例] There have been sports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.(2004全國高考III·改錯)
[析] 形容詞和名詞都可作定語，但有時含義有別，有時則出現(xiàn)錯誤。如可說a golden medal(一塊鍍金獎牌/一塊金色的獎牌)，也可以說a gold medal (一塊金牌);但可說a chemistry teacher(化學老師)，而不可說a chemical teacher(化學原料做的老師?)，但可說a chemical works(一家化工廠)。據(jù)此可見，此題中的“個人信息”不應用person information表達。
另應注意，除man, woman常用“單單 (a woman doctor)”、“復復 (two women doctors)”式，及一些特殊詞，如a goods ship, the sports shoes, a clothes shop等以外，用作修飾詞的名詞，一般都要用單數(shù)式。如： a lady doctor, two lady doctors等
[6] 與動詞或介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配
[例] It is said that dogs will keep you _____ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. (2006江西高考)
A. safety B. company
C. house D. friend
[析] 無論是動賓結(jié)構(gòu)還是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，有時名詞雖然近義，但卻不能主觀臆斷，而要選擇固定的搭配式。本題的keep sb company就是一個典型的固定搭配式，意為“與……為伴”。
[7] 名詞搭配的語境限定
[例] You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________. (2006廣東高考)
A. date B. shape
C. order D. balance
[析] out of date 意為“過期，不時髦”;out of shape意思是“不成形的”;out of order就是in disorder，意為“亂七八糟的”。搭配并無問題，而意義決定了B是正確答案。
[8] 名詞的同、近義詞辨析
[例] I’m sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction. (2005浙江高考)
A. idea B. feeling
C. experience D. sense
[析] 名詞的同、近義詞辨析，不僅僅較多地應用于書面表達，而且還可以較為靈活地設題于單項填空、完形填空或短文改錯題中。本題的四個近義詞選項中，sense的“意識”性更強，因而答案選D。
常易設題的同、近義名詞有如下各組：
(1)cause, reason, excuse, explanation; (2)family, home, house, room, space; (3)sign, signal, mark, example, symbol;(4)award, reward, prize, money; (5)value, price, cost, charge; (6)kind, sort, type, variety; (7)range, reach, distance, length; (8)news, word, message, information, notice; (9)energy, force, strength, power; (10)accident, incident, affair, event, business, matter; (11)practice, training, exercise, drill; (12)sight, view, scenery;(13)ache, pain, injury, damage, wound; (14)means, way, method, approach, skill, experience; (15)travel, trip, journey, voyage; (16)idea, sense, feeling, opinion, thought, thinking; (17)job, work, duty, task; (18)pause, stop, rest, break; (19) fact, deed, reality, practice; (20)match, race, contest, competition
高考英語名詞考點的全部內(nèi)容就是這些，希望大家可以認真掌握，爭取更好的成績。
(責任編輯：郭峰)
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