高考英語語法運用解析：代詞和數詞
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代詞和數詞
【考點分析】
代詞
1.人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法;
2.名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞的用法;
3.反身代詞的用法;
4.指示代詞this, that, these, those的用法;
5.表示兩者和多者的不定代詞的比較;
6.some,any的用法辨析;
7.each, every的用法辨析;
8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;
9.替代詞it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;
10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;
11.every-,some-,any-,no-與thing,-one,-body構成的復合不定代詞的用法。
數詞
1.基數詞的確指和不確指;
2.數詞與主謂一致關系;
3.dozen和score的用法;
4.序數詞與冠詞的連用。
【知識點歸納】
(一)代詞
代詞是高考考查的重點語法項目之一，也是考生容易出錯的項目，因為代詞具有較大靈活性。考生在做代詞選擇填空時最容易犯的錯誤是1)機械地套用語法規(guī)則;2)用漢語思維去分析題意。從高考考查情況看，高考考查最多的是不定代詞，因為不定代詞是整個代詞中最為活躍的部分，其次是名詞性物主代詞和反身代詞。
I.代詞的分類
單數
復數
第一
人稱
第二
人稱
第三
人稱
第一
人稱
第二
人稱
第三
人稱
人稱代詞
主格
I
you
he she it
we
you
they
賓格
me
you
him her it
us
You
them
物主代詞
形容
詞性
my
your
his her its
our
your
their
名詞性
mine
yours
his hers its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代詞
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代詞
this that such
these those such
相互代詞
賓格
each otherone another
所有格
each other’sone another’s
不定代詞
可數
one each, many,(a) few ,both, another, either., neither
不可數
much, (a) little
可數不可數
any other all some
復合
不定代詞
anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everythingeverybodynobodynothing
疑問代詞
who whom whose which what
連接代詞
who whom whose which what(參見專題八)
關系代詞
who whom whose which that(參見專題八)
II.代詞的用法
1.人稱代詞
①在句中作主語,用主格，在句中作賓語,則用賓格;
She teaches them physics.
�、谠诰渲凶鞅碚Z,常用賓格;
Who is it? It’s me.
但有時要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.
在強調句型中,強調的是主語,故I用主格。
�、蹆蓚�或兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時,其順序是：
單數按2,3,1人稱排列，復數按1,2,3人稱順序排列。
you, she and I ; we, you and they
2.物主代詞
�、傩稳菰~性物主代詞只能作賓語
We love our motherland.
②名詞性物主代詞可用作主語,表語和賓語
Your coat is black while mine is red.
3.反身代詞
�、儆米髻e語、表語，或主語、賓語的同位語
He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(賓語)
She is not quite herself today.她今天身體不太舒服。(表語)
I myself can repair the bike.(主語的同位語)
�、诔Ｓ煤蟹瓷泶~的慣用語歸納
by oneself= alone 獨自 for oneself獨立、為自己
be oneself處于正常狀態(tài),顯得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 給自己穿
devote oneself to專心于、獻身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客氣
come to oneself蘇醒 make oneself at home 不要客氣
4.指示代詞
①this和that是近指, that和those 是遠指
I don’t want this book. I want that one.
�、谟袝r為了避免重復,常用that/ those 來代表前面出現過的名詞
At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.
�、踭his和that都可代表前面提到過的事情,若出現兩個名詞,指代前面的用that指代較后面的用this;但若指下文將要敘述事情,則只能用this，不能用that。此外，還可用于代替上文中出現過個單數或不可數名詞，且后面帶有of短語修飾。
Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康勝于財富;財富不會像健康那樣帶來那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)
They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.
What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替換)
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.
④such的用法
such 一般在句中作定語和主語.用作定語時,它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應放在之后。
Such is my answer.
Such are the results of the exams.
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
用作定語時,它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應放在such之后such a good book。
5.相互代詞
�、僭诰渲锌勺髻e語
They help each other and learn from each other.
�、诩�’s后成為所有格,作定語
They asked about one another’s life and work.
6.不定代詞
不定代詞種類較多,在使用時應注意其用法與區(qū)別。為了便于記憶我們擇其重點以表格的形式列出。
不定代詞
區(qū)別
例句
one, some，
any和it
one可以泛指人或者事(東西)，其復數為ones。
�、賅e’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet.
A.oneB.onesC.itD.them
②Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.
A.oneB.onesC.itD.those
some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。
—Your coffee smells great!—It’s from Mexico.Would you like ________?
A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittle
some和any修飾可數名詞單數時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。
�、買 have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.
�、�—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
—________way as you please.
A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either
one指同類中的一個，it指代同一種類的東西。記住下列三點區(qū)別：
①it =the /this/ my…+單數名詞
one =a/an+單數名詞
�、趇t代替特定的單數名詞
one代替不特定的單數名詞
�、踥ne之前加上定冠詞the可以表示特指,one前如有形容詞修飾,之前還可以加上不定冠詞,但是it之前既不能加冠詞也不能加形容詞修飾。
�、�—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow?
—No, I’d rather buyin the bookstore.
A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it
�、赥his film is an interesting one.
③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.
some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。
�、賂here’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________.
A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,any
C.a little,someD.a little,any
�、赪e had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.
A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each
�、跦e doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk.
A. anyB. manyC. someD. much
each和every
each強調個別，代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調整體，所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。
①Each student has a pocket dictionary.
Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary.
�、贓very student has strong and weak points.
Every one of us has strong and weak points.
all和both
both指兩個人或物,而all指三個以上的人或物.在句中都可作主語，賓語,表語,同位語和定語
�、�—Which of the two books will you take?
—I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me.
A. either; neitherB. neither; both
C. both; eitherD. either; both
②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?
—____.They are both cheap and of great importance.
A. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All
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