高考英語語法圖表總結(jié)――冠詞
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一、冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an)，定冠詞(the)，和零冠詞。
I.不定冠詞的用法
1、 指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2、第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。
3、表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
4 、表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same
We are nearly of an age.
5、用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事
—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷鋒)
6、 用于固定詞組中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7、 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
8、 用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9、 用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前
success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化)成功的人或事
a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame 帶來恥辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識
II. 定冠詞的用法
1、 表示某一類人或物
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
2、用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3、 表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4、 用于演奏樂器
play the violin, play the guitar
5、 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6、 表示“一家人”或“夫婦”(對比上文的不定冠詞用法5)
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7、 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前
He is the taller of the two children.
8、用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9、用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前
The compass was invented in China.
10、 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代
in the 1990’s(二十世紀九十年代)
11、 用于表示度量單位的名詞前
I hired the car by the hour.
12、用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞
He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 不用冠詞(又名零冠詞)的用法
1、 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前
BeijingUniversity, Jack, China, love, air
2、名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制
I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3、季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4、 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前
Lincolnwas made President of America.
5、表示球類，棋類等運動的名詞前
He likes playing football/chess.
6、 與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填
7、 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8、表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Horses are useful animals.
(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)
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