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2017年高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2017-05-03 14:55:13 來(lái)源:精品學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

  育路網(wǎng)整理了“2017年高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)”,幫助廣大高中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)!

  一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

  概述時(shí)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,分為“時(shí)”和“體”。“時(shí)”有現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)之分;“體”有一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行之分。動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作可發(fā)生于四種不同的時(shí)間,表示四種不同的“體”。每個(gè)“時(shí)”+每種“體”都構(gòu)成一種時(shí)態(tài),共十六種時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)科高考復(fù)習(xí)大綱要求掌握其中八種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、—般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

  現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞study為例,將十六種不同時(shí)態(tài)列表如下:

#FormatImgID_0#時(shí)體     現(xiàn)在     過(guò)去

一般
 
    一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

    I study.
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)

    I studied.

進(jìn)行
 
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

    I am studying.
    過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

    1 was studying.

完成
 
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

    I have studied.
    過(guò)去完成時(shí)

    I had studied.
完成
進(jìn)行
    現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    I have been studying.
    過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
  I had been studying.
時(shí)#FormatImgID_1#體     將來(lái)     過(guò)去將來(lái)

一般
 
    一般將來(lái)時(shí)

    I shall study.
    過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

    I should study.

進(jìn)行
 
    將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

    I shall be studying.
    過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

    I should be studying.

完成
 
    將來(lái)完成時(shí)

  I shall have studied.
    過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

  I should have studied.
完成
進(jìn)行
    將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
I shall have been studying.
  過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
I should have been studying
 

  二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法

  (一)一般體

  1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  (1)表習(xí)慣性的、現(xiàn)在反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這類句子常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always,every day,now and then,often,sometimes等。例如:

  He usually

 、 (go) to bed at ten.

  他通常十點(diǎn)鐘睡覺(jué)。

  (2)表客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。例如:

  Sound ② (travel) slower than light.

  (3)-些動(dòng)詞如:begin,come,go,leave,start等,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:

  The sports meeting ③ (begin) on(】ctober 5.

  (4)if,unless,when,before,as soon as,until,once引導(dǎo)的狀i吾從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:

  Please call me as soon as she arrives.

  Ifl ④ (graduate) from school,l'lllook for a part-time job.

  2.-般過(guò)去時(shí)

  (l)表示 在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示)。例如:⑤ (meet) him in the street yesterday.

  (2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可用“u。ed to do”和“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:⑥(use to) leave for school at 7:00 a.m,.

  3.-般將來(lái)時(shí)

  (1)表示將來(lái)會(huì)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

  They will have an exam in two days.

  (2)“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示說(shuō)話者明確的打算j或確信會(huì)發(fā)生的事,多用于口語(yǔ)中。例如:

  We ⑦ hold a meeting to discuss the problem.

  (3)“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,意為“正要,即將”,不可與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可與wh。n或:

  as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。例如:

  He was about to leave when x came ;離開(kāi)As I came,he ⑧ leave當(dāng)我來(lái)的時(shí)候他正要離開(kāi)

  (4)“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”是按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事。

  例如:

  I ⑨meet Mr. Black at ten o'clock this moming.今天上午十點(diǎn)我要會(huì)見(jiàn)布萊克先生。

  (二)進(jìn)行體

  1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)( am/is/are+doing)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:

  The workers are building a new hospital.

  (2)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞amve,begin,come,do,die,go,leave,lose,retum等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:

  My father is returning at three this afternoonI ⑩(see) him this evening.我今天晚上見(jiàn)他。

  2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)( was/were+doing)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與at that moment,at that time,at this time yesterday等連用。例如:

  At this time yesterday,she was having lunch.

  (三)完成體

  1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過(guò)去分詞)(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,用于某些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常與for,smce等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:

  They have been good friends since their primaryschool days.

  She_ ⑾ (live) in Kunming since 1980.

  (2)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。例如:

  The boy has made great progress in English.

  (3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作。例如:

  She will come as soon as she has finished her work.

  2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+過(guò)去分詞)(l)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。例如:

  After he had done his homework,he took a walk inthe garden

  (2)用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),如by that time,bythe end of,before等表示。例如:

  By two o'clock yesterday afternoon they had finishedthe work.

  (3)在It was the first/second/... time+that從句和It was+-般時(shí)間+ since從句中,that從句和slnce從句中的謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:

  It was the third time that he had stolen things.

  It was two months since she_ ⑿一(leave) herhometown

  “2017年高考英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)”已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)在各位考生面前,希望同學(xué)們認(rèn)真閱讀學(xué)習(xí),更多精彩盡在育路網(wǎng)!

  (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

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