09年高考英語(yǔ)考試內(nèi)容：閱讀理解

2009-02-18 16:13:02 來(lái)源：

閱讀理解

　　閱讀理解是高考的重頭戲。在沖刺階段，應(yīng)有計(jì)劃地安排考生多進(jìn)行一些限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，通常每五篇閱讀材料作為一組，在35到40分鐘里完成。這樣既可以保證考場(chǎng)上充沛的閱讀精力和體力，又可以營(yíng)造考試的氛圍，還提高了閱讀速度。不要忘了The examination is a race against time(考試就是和時(shí)間賽跑)。同時(shí)，為了適應(yīng)高考閱讀材料，不妨讀一些難易程度適中、原汁原味的文章，有條件的同學(xué)可以讀21th Century(成人版)，English Salon，也許會(huì)起到無(wú)心插柳柳成蔭的效果。我們不僅要加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練，而且要注重以下幾個(gè)方面：閱讀要有廣度；閱讀要有深度；閱讀要有速度，按考試說(shuō)明中35分鐘的建議答題時(shí)間計(jì)算，讀速應(yīng)達(dá)60WPM左右。

　　不但要快速閱讀、整體理解，還要注意積累詞語(yǔ)�！奥�(tīng)不懂，說(shuō)不出，讀不通，寫(xiě)不好，都是英語(yǔ)單詞記得少�！比绻愕脑~匯量達(dá)到或超過(guò)大綱的要求，對(duì)付任何試題也就不成問(wèn)題。做閱讀題時(shí)，一遍瀏覽大意，二遍各個(gè)擊破，三遍檢查核對(duì)。閱讀時(shí)眼中有字，心中揣意，把握命題原則——“大小猜判”。(大—— 考查大意；小—— 細(xì)節(jié)辨別；猜—— 字詞句義；判—— 推理判斷。)判斷文章的中心思想時(shí)，注意全文的中心不可太具體，但也不能與文章內(nèi)容相差太遠(yuǎn)。猜測(cè)詞義一定要看上下文，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)是沒(méi)有上下文就沒(méi)有意思。在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)將文章、題干、選項(xiàng)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)會(huì)考查內(nèi)容。閱讀理解不是考查考生語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，因此在做答時(shí)不能忽略細(xì)節(jié)，要利用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)文意進(jìn)行推理和判斷，看各選項(xiàng)在意思上有什么不同，切勿忽視做題的第一印象。　要求考生讀懂公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章�？忌鷳�(yīng)能：

　　(1)理解主旨和要義；

　　【導(dǎo)讀】文章的主旨大意一般出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾和過(guò)渡段。不過(guò)有時(shí)貫穿整篇文章�？忌囵B(yǎng)快速瀏覽全文，提取主旨要義的能力。
　　(2)理解文中具體信息；
　　(3)根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；
　　【導(dǎo)讀】正確理解文章中單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義，是理解文章的第一步，也是基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)單詞的含義隨語(yǔ)境的不同會(huì)有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外，不使用詞典而通過(guò)閱讀上下文推斷生詞的含義，是一個(gè)合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，也是閱讀測(cè)試中經(jīng)常檢測(cè)的一種能力。
　　(4)作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；
　　(5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；
　　【導(dǎo)讀】把握全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。對(duì)這種能力的考查，一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些詞語(yǔ)的指代關(guān)系的題目中。
　　(6)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。
　　【試題舉例】(2008年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

　　Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson，Arizona.He moved there a few years ago，and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.

　　My earliest memories of my father are of a tall，handsome，successful man devoted to his work and family，but uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him；as a school girl and young adult(成年人)I feared him and felt bitter about him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends，I used to struggle to think up things to say，feeling on guard.

　　On the first day of my visit，we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe.We walked along that afternoon，did some shopping，ate on the street table，and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions.Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules.Who was this person I knew as my father，who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around？What had held him back before?

　　The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years，I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years，I’m at last seeing another side of my father.And in so doing，I’m delighted with my_new_friend.My dad，in his new home in Arizona，is back to me from where he was.
　　56.Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?
　　A.He was silent most of the time.
　　B.He was too proud of himself.
　　C.He did not love his children.
　　D.He expected too much of her
　　57.When the author went out with her father on weekends，she would feel________.
　　A.nervous B.sorry
　　C.tired D.safe
　　58.What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
　　A.More critical. B.More talkative.
　　C.Gentle and friendly. D.Strict and hardworking.
　　59.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to________.
　　A.the author’s son
　　B.the author’s father
　　C.the friend of the author’s father
　　D.the cafe owner　　【文章大意】本文是記敘文，主要講述“我”和自己的小兒子去“我”父親家看他的新房子的事情。我感受到了父親的巨大變化：他以前那種嚴(yán)厲冷酷的架勢(shì)不見(jiàn)了，多了一份親切、關(guān)懷。
　　56.【答案】D
　　【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。答案信息在第二段“...felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s...”。
　　57.【答案】A
　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。信息提示在第二段最后一句話：“Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.”
　　58.【答案】C
　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段與第四段可找到答案。
　　59.【答案】B
　　【解析】考查指代問(wèn)題。根據(jù)全文可知，父親以前很苛刻，我和他關(guān)系很疏遠(yuǎn)，如今他變了，容易讓人親近了，此時(shí)把父親稱(chēng)作自己的“新”朋友，后文信息提示“my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.”　(2008年北京卷)

　　Domestic(馴養(yǎng)的)horses now pull ploughs，race in the Kentucky Derby，and carry police.But early horses weren’t tame(馴服的)enough to perform these kinds of tasks.Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.

　　Thousands of years ago，people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food.Over time，people began to catch the animals and raise them.This was the first step in domestication.

　　As people began to tame and ride horses，they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics.For example，people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily.People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals.Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’genes.So as the domesticated horses reproduced，they passed the characteristics on to their young.Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics.

　　Modernday horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication.The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds－typically reaching only one meter tall.With short，strong legs，the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts(礦井)with low ceilings.Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700.People bred these heavy，tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.

　　The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies.For example，horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture.Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently.Before they were able to ride horses，humans had to cross land on foot.Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time.That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another.The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
　　59.Before domestication horses were.
　　A.caught for sports B.hunted for food
　　C.made to pull ploughs D.used to carry people
　　60.The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show.
　　A.it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse
　　B.horses used to have gentle personalities
　　C.some horses have better shapes than others
　　D.horses were of less variety before domestication
　　61.Horses contributed to the spread of culture by.
　　A.carrying heavy loads
　　B.changing farming methods
　　C.serving as a means of transport
　　D.advancing agriculture in different areas
　　62.The passage is mainly about.
　　A.why humans domesticated horses
　　B.how humans and horses needed each other
　　C.why horses came in different shapes and sizes
　　D.how human societies and horses influenced each other【文章大意】文章從現(xiàn)代馬的功用與過(guò)去的功用的不同入手，講述了人類(lèi)如何對(duì)馬進(jìn)行選擇馴化，造成了馬的種群的多樣性；同時(shí)也介紹了馬的馴化對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)的影響。
　　59.【答案】B
　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由第一、二段可判斷，人類(lèi)先是獵馬為食，然后喂養(yǎng)，最后才是根據(jù)人類(lèi)需要進(jìn)行馴化。
　　60.【答案】D
　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由第四段第二句“This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication”可推斷出馬被馴化前沒(méi)有如此多的種群，再由作者所舉的例子“the shetland horse”可看出馬是根據(jù)人的需要從單一種群被馴化為多種種群的。
　　61.【答案】C
　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從最后一段“Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time .”和“The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.”可判斷馬在文化傳播中所扮演的角色為交通工具。
　　62.【答案】D
　　【解析】主旨大意題。文章前兩段引入馬的馴化這一話題。第三、四段講述人類(lèi)根據(jù)自身需要把馬馴化為多個(gè)種群。第五段講述了馬對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響。只有D項(xiàng)涵蓋了文章的內(nèi)容。