語法復(fù)習(xí)八：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（1）
一句話語法: 時(shí)態(tài)題關(guān)鍵是確定時(shí)間點(diǎn),時(shí)間點(diǎn)是通過語境來確定.
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）
一、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)：在復(fù)合句，從句（主要是賓語從句）中的時(shí)態(tài)，常受主句謂語動(dòng)詞的影響，這就叫做時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)一般有如下的情況。
1、如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.
2、如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但要注意到下列情況：（1）如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，從句中須用過去完成時(shí)，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，從句須用過去將來時(shí)，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，雖然主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，雖然其謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，從句仍用一般過去時(shí)，但如果該狀語表示的時(shí)間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時(shí)，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.
二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)：英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，一般由介詞by引起的短語來表示，如:We often help them. (主動(dòng))我們常幫助他們。They are often helped by us.(被動(dòng))他們常被我們幫助。
1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的形式是由助動(dòng)詞be的各時(shí)態(tài)的形式加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。
2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法例句:被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和主動(dòng)語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的
基本用法相同，只是句中的主語不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而是動(dòng)作的承受者，如:
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country.
(2)一般過去時(shí)：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. 
(3)一般將來時(shí): When will the work be finished? 
(4)過去將來時(shí)：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. 
(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. 
(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
The work hasn’t been finished yet.
(8)過去完成:
  The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.
3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：（1）當(dāng)不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要提到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者的作用時(shí)，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.
4、由主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型：（1）將一個(gè)句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可按下列步驟進(jìn)行：①先將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語；②再將主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞；③最后在被動(dòng)語態(tài)之后加介詞by，并將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語放在by之后（經(jīng)常被省略），構(gòu)成介詞短語；④由主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞中助動(dòng)詞be的各種形式變化，因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的不同人稱和數(shù)是由助動(dòng)詞be不同的形式來表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（２）如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞后又有直接賓語，又有間接賓語，一般是將間接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，將直接賓語保留在原處。如將直接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，將間接賓語保留在原處時(shí)，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.→Ｉwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （３）主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語加帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，就將賓語改為主語，將賓補(bǔ)保留在原處，而成為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中主語的補(bǔ)足語了。賓補(bǔ)可以有下列幾種情況：①賓補(bǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在動(dòng)詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主動(dòng)語態(tài)里可要省略，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.②賓補(bǔ)為分詞，如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.③賓補(bǔ)為形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語，如：She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.（４）如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞為短語動(dòng)詞，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要注意不要遺漏短語中的介詞或副詞，以保持短語動(dòng)詞的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. →The children are always taken good care of. （５）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞原形改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因其前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，所以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. →The work must be finished before Friday.（６）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將后面的動(dòng)詞原形改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)即可，如：The are not going to put off the football match. →The football match is not going to be put off.
一句話語法: 時(shí)態(tài)題關(guān)鍵是確定時(shí)間點(diǎn),時(shí)間點(diǎn)是通過語境來確定.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是: be+v-ed; 
完成被動(dòng)形式是什么呢,對(duì), 就是完成+被動(dòng)
have/has/had +v-ed 是完成; 被動(dòng)是: be+v-ed; 兩者組合在一起: 
have/has/had been +v-ed;
其它時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式,以此類推.
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)（2）
53. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
A. are to be held      B. is to be held      C. are holding     D. will hold 
54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired 
55. Every possible means , but none prove successful.
A. has tried      B. has been tried      C. is being tried      D. tried 
56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.
A. That is hoped      B. It is hoped      C. That hopes      D. It hopes 
57. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.
A. is broken    B. has broken    C. have been broken    D. has been broken
58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.
---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.
A. was being cleaned              B. was cleaned   
C. was being cleaning             D. has been cleaned
59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.
---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.
A. will have finished .                B. will has been finished
C. will have being finished            D. will have been finished
60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. 
----These three rooms ______ (by you).
A. are oughted to keep clean          B. ought to kept clean
C. ought to be kept clean             D. ought to have been kept clean
61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? 
---- A poem _____ (by you), _____ ?
A. is about to be written, aren't you      B. is about to be writing, isn’t it
C. is about to be writing, aren't you      D. is about to be written, isn’t it
62. She had better leave a note to him. 
---- A note _____ to him (by her).
A. had better left                B. had be better left   
C. had better be left              D. had better been left
63. He doesn't do his homework every day. 
---- His homework ______ by him every day.
A. doesn't be done      B. aren't done      C. don't be done     D. isn’t done
64. We must take care of our parents when they are old.
 ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.
A. must be taken care           B. must be took cars 
C. must take care of            D. must be taken care of
65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. 
---- He _____ because he is a liar.
A. is looked down    B. is looked down upon    C. looks down upon    D. looks down
66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.
---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.
A. shall be given to     B. will give     C. shall give to     D. will be giving to
67. We elected her leader. ---- She by us.
A. is elected leader                  B. was leader elected 
C. was elected leader                D. leader was elected
68. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.
---- Why are all of the______? 
A. grey painted mailboxes       B. mailboxes grey painted 
C. mailboxes painted grey        D. painted grey mailboxes
69. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.
A. is seen enter    B. is seen to enter    C. was seen to enter    D. was seen enter 
70. The question asked by him is hard _____ .
A. to answer     B. to be answered     C. to be answering     D. for answer 
71. How sweet the music ______!
A. sounds to be     B. is sounded     C. is sounded to be     D. sounds 
72. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.
A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping 
73. He received a telegram ___ "Mother Sick."
A. written      B. said      C. reading      D. writing 
74. The classroom ______ 30 feet long.
A. measures      B. is measured      C. has      D. has length 
75. Do you remember ______ ?
A. how it is done     B. it how to be done     C. How is it done by    D. how to do 
76. to have been rich.
A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said 
77. Mathematics is difficult ______.
A. to learn     B. for learning     C. to be learned     D. of learning
78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and______.
A. have to cut it     B. have it cut     C. get it to be cut     D. to cut it
79. The pencil ______ well.
A. writes     B. is written     C. was written     D. writing
80. ---- I can't see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.
A. to examine your eyes           B. to have your eyes examined
C. to have examined your eyes      D. to be examined your eyes
81. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.
A. move     B. moving     C. moved      D. moves
82. Good medicine ______ to the mouth.
A. tastes bitter     B. tastes bitterly     C. is tasted bitter     D. is tasted bitterly
83. Which girl won the prize? _____
A. By which girl is the prize won?        B. Which girl was the prize won?
C. By which girl did she win the prize?    D. By which girl was the prize won?
84. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.
A. given for us     B. a gift to us     C. given to us     D. a gift for us
85. A young hen is ______ a chicken.
A. named     B. known     C. spelled     D. called
86. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.
A. can't satisfy     B. isn't satisfied     C. doesn't satisfy     D. hasn't satisfied
87. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.
A. to call     B. to be called     C. to be calling     D. being called
88. His idea, though good, needs ______ out.
A. being tried      B. to try     C. tried      D. to be tried
89. The man living in the next door is known _____the police.
A. with       B. to       C. by       D. of
90. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.
A. up of, up of      B. into, into      C. of, of      D. from, from
91. ______ here last night.
A. Something strange was happened    B. Strange something was happened
C. Something strange happened        D. Strange something happened
92. ---- I'd like to buy that coat. ---- I'm sorry, _____.
A. it was sold     B. it's selling     C. it's been sold     D. it had been sold
93. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.
A. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years liter
B. until two centuries more it was used in war
C. not used in war until two hundred years later
D. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards
94. The five-year-old girl by her parents.
A. is looked     B. has looked for     C. is being looked for     D. has been looked

53-55 BAB 56-60 BDADC 61-65 DCDDB 66-70 ACCCA 71-75 DACAA
76-80 CABAB 81-85 CADCD 86-90 BBDBB 91-94 CCCC

語法復(fù)習(xí)九：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
動(dòng)詞是是各類考試的重點(diǎn)，高考試題中，單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和改錯(cuò)等三項(xiàng)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意義不同，但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨義。如：
explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。
5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, 
get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨義。如：
  give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
（一）易混動(dòng)詞
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：
放 lay laid laid laying 及物動(dòng)詞
躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物動(dòng)詞
說謊 lie lied lied lying 不及物動(dòng)詞
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。
3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。
4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）
5、wind和wound：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound，而動(dòng)詞原形wound意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。
7、hear的過去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born…短語后沒有by介詞短語時(shí)，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。
8、sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。
10、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊(duì)。
11、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。
12、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 
13、take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來，拿去，去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來，帶來是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來是fetch。
14、shut與close：shut與close有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場(chǎng)合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場(chǎng)合則用shut。如:
Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場(chǎng)合，則要用close。
15、answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意義不同，如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語時(shí)，要加上to。
16、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語不能是人，而spend的主語不能是物。如:
 she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.
18、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為丟失、不見了，可以用
lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：
   I dress my children in the morning every day.
20、begin與start
begin與Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場(chǎng)合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開始。如:
  we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 與permit
allow與permit其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.
22、find與found
find找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是founded，founded，如：
   The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 與tell
英文中講有4個(gè)詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak后加語言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報(bào)上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said …。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用speak，如：
    The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 與sorry
excuse me用于來打攏對(duì)方前以提醒對(duì)方注意的提示語，而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?
25、care for 與care to do
care for其后要接不定式時(shí)則要省去for或換用名詞，如：
   Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顧講時(shí)與look after相同。
26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 
27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測(cè)性的建議，advice表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告；look由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞to的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, 
turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、與in相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in,
 take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（二）動(dòng)詞短語
動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：
1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。
(I)動(dòng)詞+副詞(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 
晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。
(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。
注意：①如果賓語較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。如：
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。②如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 
她送掉了它們。
(3)動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。
注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。②動(dòng)詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 
她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。
(4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。
注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。
2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。
(1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：①hear from收到…的來信，hear of聽說。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for尋找。
(2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：①ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。
(3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for請(qǐng)求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：①break out發(fā)生，爆炸, carry out進(jìn)行，開展, go out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look out當(dāng)心, sell out賣完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下來, get down下車, take down取下, write down寫下。
動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.
A. point      B.speak      C.say      D.tell
2.I ____ you will write me back soon.
A. wish      B.hope      C.want      D.need
3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.
A. spend      B. spare      C.save      D. share
4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.
A. have      B.let      C. agree      D. allow
5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy.
A. ride      B. drive      C. operate      D.run
6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.
A. send      B.pick      C.ride      D.take
7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.
A. answers     B. returns     C. replies     D. receives
8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.
A.said      B.told      C.spoken      D.talked
9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.
A. bring     B. carry      C.take      D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.
A. hurt      B. killed      C. broken     D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.
A. affects      B. gives      C. causes      D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.
A. forgot      B.left      C. remained      D.lost
13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.
A. make      B.do      C.give      D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.
A. beat      B.hit      C. jumped      D.ran
15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.
A. smells      B. feels      C. sounds      D. tastes
16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.
A. get      B.come      C. reach      D. arrive
17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.
A. pay       B.take      C. spend      D.cost
18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.
A. like     B. expect      C. think      D.need
19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped      B. wanted      C. expected      D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?
A.give      B.leave      C.carry      D.take
21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?
A. dressed in      B. had on     C. wore      D. put on
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying     B. bought     C. to buy     D. could buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.
A. should send       B. would be sent      C. sending      D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.
A. on being sent      B. to send      C. on sending       D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music.
A. be     B. should be       C.was      D. would be
26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan.
A. bought      B.paid      C.cost       D. spent
27.I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather     B. had better     C. like better      D. prefer
28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should 
   be back for lunch now.
A.after         B.at         C.for        D.up
29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down
30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.
A. get back from     B. get out of     C. get away    D. get off
31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over     B. get in     C; get along     D. get through
32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.
A. look at     B. look for     C. look around     D. look on
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.
A.tum;on     B.tum;off     C.tum;down     D.tum;up
34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.
A. turned in     B. turned up     C. turned to     D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once.
A. send in     B. send out     C. send for     D. send up
36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and 
   we'll go there togethe;
A. call for     B. call in     C. call on     D. call up
37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.
A. carry on them    B. carry out them    C. carry them on     D. carry them out
38. Your composition must be ____ after class.
A. handed to     B. handed out     C. handed in     D. handed over
39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up      B. set up     C. sent up     D. brought up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.
A. take off'      B. take up     C. take away      D. take place
41. ____! There's danger ahead.
A. Look at     B.Look up      C.Look on      D.Look out
42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.
A.set about      B.set out      C.set off      D.set down
43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in .     B. call at      C. call for      D. call on
44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.
A. broke away     B. broke out      C. broke up     D. broke in
45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't 
   really want to continue it.
A. carry out      B. pick up       C. set up       D. carry on
46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. 
  A. breaking out                   B. breaking into 
  C. breaking up                    D. breaking away from
47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.
A. moving in     B. sharing in     C. handing in     D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.
A. gave out     B. gave in      C. gave up      D. gave away
49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom 
  and ____ the tools.
A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after
50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look up     B. Look on     C. Look into     D. Look through

1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 CDBDB 21-25 AADAC 
26-30 AACAB 31-35 CDCBC 36-40 ADCBA 41-45 DBDAD 46-50 BDCAD