英語(yǔ)名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句等。翻譯時(shí)大多數(shù)可譯成相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ),但也還有一些其它處理方法。下面分別加以介紹:
一、主語(yǔ)從句
1.以what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般可按原文順序翻譯,例如:
What he told me is only half-truth.
他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而己
2.以“it”作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句
邏輯主語(yǔ)從句如提前譯出,有兩種情況:若強(qiáng)調(diào),“it”一般可譯出來(lái);如不強(qiáng)調(diào),“it”可不譯出來(lái)。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他參不參加會(huì)議沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系。(不強(qiáng)調(diào))
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
在飛機(jī)墜毀之后,駕駛員竟然還能活著,這看來(lái)是不可想象的。(強(qiáng)調(diào))
邏輯主語(yǔ)從句不提前,“it”一般不需譯出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.
有人建議取消會(huì)議。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句
1.用that, what, how等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)一般不須改變順序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I′d have to turn it down.
我告訴他,由于那比較后一個(gè)條件,我只得謝絕。
2.用“it”作形成賓語(yǔ)的句子,that賓語(yǔ)從句可按原文順序譯出,“it”可不譯。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.
我向他們講清楚了的,他們必須在上午十時(shí)前交卷。
三、表語(yǔ)從句
與賓語(yǔ)從句一樣,一般可按原文順序譯出:
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他對(duì)新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對(duì)他。
四、同位語(yǔ)從句
1. 同位語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)不提前:
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中國(guó)來(lái)訪問(wèn)。
2. 同位語(yǔ)從句提前譯出:
Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
然而,從一開(kāi)始,我仍然活著這個(gè)事實(shí)卻偏偏被忽視了。
3.用“即”或冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)從句:
But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下,我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí):我們的前景并不妙。
4.單詞、短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)的譯法:
1)說(shuō)明身份,稱(chēng)號(hào)的英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)往往放在專(zhuān)有名詞后面,漢譯時(shí)一般放在前面:
They silently surrounded Tom, a young soldier, in order to take him prisoner.
他們悄悄地包圍了一個(gè)年輕戰(zhàn)士湯姆,企圖俘虜他。
2)限制性同位語(yǔ)不須改變位置;
I have been to all the cinemas in this city, big or small.
這個(gè)城市的電影院我都到過(guò),大的也罷,小的也罷。
We two like to go there.
我們兩個(gè)(都)想去!
結(jié)束
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