2017考研英語-淺析定語的幾種用法

　　考研英語離不開對(duì)語法的理解和掌握。很多同學(xué)在閱讀以及翻譯過程中，往往受到后置定語的影響，在閱讀中找不準(zhǔn)句子的主干，理解不了句子的意思，影響了對(duì)文章的理解，句子的翻譯。因此，文都教育的老師對(duì)后置定語進(jìn)行了整理。

　　一、單詞做后置定語

　　1、以a-開頭的表示狀態(tài)的形容詞，一般在句子中當(dāng)表語成份，但作定語時(shí)須后置，類似的形容詞有：alive, asleep, alike, alone, awake, aware, ashamed, adrift, ablaze, absent, afraid, available等如：

　　Jim was awake at that time.

　　No man alive is greater than he.

　　2、部分表示方位、處所、時(shí)間副詞作定語。如here, there, above, below, upstairs, downstairs, outside, inside, around, today, nearby 等常作后置定語。如：

　　The boy there is playing football.

　　Please answer the questions below.

　　3、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)后置

　　There is something important to do.

　　Let’s give her something different to eat,then.

　　4、else只作后置定語，修飾疑問詞或不定代詞。

　　Who else can help me?

　　Tom is taller than everyone else in his class.

　　5、有些詞既可作前置定語，也可作后置定語。如：

　　possible, enough, more(另外，附加的)proper

　　It’s the only solution possible.

　　二、短語作后置定語

　　1、介詞短語、副詞短語、形容詞性短語等用作后置定語。

　　如 China is a great country with a long history.(介詞短語)

　　The girl in the red hat is my younger sister.(介詞短語)

　　You’d better ask the policeman over there.(副詞短語)

　　The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl.

　　(形容詞性短語)

　　2、不定式用作后置定語。如：

　　I have a lot of work to do today.

　　He told me his plan to start a company.

　　The building to be built was designed by Mr Wang. =The building which will be built was designed by Mr Wang. (相當(dāng)一個(gè)定語從句)

　　If I have the chance to go abroad I’ll never let it go.

　　3、分詞短語作定語。單個(gè)分詞一般作前置定語，而分詞短語作后置定語，此時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化相應(yīng)的定語從句。

　　The man standing there is our English teacher.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語)

　　The Greens have a daughter called Kate.(過去分詞短語作定語)

　　The building being built was designed by Mr Wang.

　　The young man waving to me is a friend of mine.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,過去分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

　　綜上所述，我們在閱讀、翻譯和寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)該加深對(duì)于后置定語的領(lǐng)會(huì)，應(yīng)多分析，多朗讀這類句子，有利于我們對(duì)長句和難句的理解。此外，使用分詞短語寫作可以使句子更加簡短，豐富作文的表達(dá)方式。如果大家想了解更多考研英語中語法知識(shí)，可以登錄文都網(wǎng)校，參考研究生考試英語相關(guān)課程。