Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每題0.5分，共20分)選擇下列答案中正確的一個，選擇您認為正確的答案

Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times [] 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、Do you enjoy listening to records?I find records are often [] or better than an actual performance.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查表示同級比較的“AS...AS...”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。AS GOOD AS 用于形容詞原級比較，OR后面用了形容詞比較級，比較級對象用THAN引導(dǎo)。AS GOOD AS中，后面的AS不可省，它是連詞，與THAN一起接ACTUAL PERFORMANCE。
 ［A］as good as
 ［B］as good
 ［C］good
 ［D］good as

2、My pain [] apparent the moment I walked into the room,for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?”

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查“情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式完成時”的用法。此題測試MUST+HAVE+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況的判斷與猜測，譯成“一定是，必定是”。
 ［A］must be
 ［B］had been
 ［C］must have been
 ［D］had to be

3、The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me [] she could remember who last borrowed it.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查連接詞的正確用法。IF ONLY是連詞，通常表示愿望，常譯為“但愿，要是……就好了”，這樣用時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，形式是用動詞的過去式表示現(xiàn)在，用HAD+過去分詞表示過去，好幾本考研鋪導(dǎo)書都認為是此種用法。其實主句中動詞謂語是一般過去時，IF ONLY后是COULD REMEMBER,也是過去時，證明不是用的虛擬語氣。IF ONLY的另一個意思是“只要”，后面不接虛擬語氣。全句應(yīng)譯為：“借書處年齡較大的館員答應(yīng)，只要她想起來誰比較后借的這本書，她就替我找來”。
 ［A］ever since
 ［B］much as
 ［C］even though
 ［D］if only

4、Observations were made [] the children at the beginning and at the end of pre�瞫chool and first grade.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查介詞的搭配用法。OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE OF THE CHILDREN= CHILDREN WERE MADE OBSERVATIONS OF,句中用了MADE OBSERVATIONS OF的被動式。由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍訒r有兩種方法：如：WATER POWER IS MADE USE OF.USE IS MADE OF WATER POWER.
 ［A］towards
 ［B］of
 ［C］on
 ［D］with

5、The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each [] one major point in contrast with the other.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查考生對分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握情況。MAKING是現(xiàn)在分詞，EACH是代詞，作其邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語。因為逗號不能連接兩個并列句，［A］ MAKES是謂語動詞，填入后，后半句對，但不可與前半句并列，所以錯了。
 ［A］makes
 ［B］made
 ［C］is to make
 ［D］making

6、A safety analysis [] the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately,it was never done.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查虛擬語氣知識。WOULD HAVE IDENTIFIED 是虛擬語氣的過去式，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，正符合后一句的意思。
 ［A］would identify
 ［B］will identify
 ［C］would have identified
 ［D］will have identified

7、The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half [].

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查比較句型中的代詞使用問題。THAT代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞 THE NUMBER OF REGISTERED PARTICIPANTS。因為名詞是單數(shù)，所以只有用THAT才對。
 ［A］of last year's
 ［B］those of last year's
 ［C］of those of last year
 ［D］that of last year's

8、For there [] successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查THERE TO BE和THERE BEING結(jié)構(gòu)的不同用法。FOR THERE TO BE SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION是FOR+THERE TO BE的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示目的。THERE 后接BEING時，前面不用FOR。THERE BEING常表示原因。
 ［A］is
 ［B］to be
 ［C］will be
 ［D］being

9、There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently [] what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查分詞作定語的用法知識。此句較復(fù)雜，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵。THERE WAS A VERY INTERESTING REMARK...THAT I READ...WHAT HE THOUGHT WAS A REASON...是本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)。THAT從句是定語從句，修飾A BOOK。GIVING 是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動，修飾REMARK。WHAT引導(dǎo)的是名詞從句，作GIVING的賓語，其中的HE THOUGHT是插入語。
 ［A］giving
 ［B］gave
 ［C］to give
 ［D］given

10、No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything [] going on in the world.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查定語從句知識，可用排除法做。THERE IS是定語從句，修飾EVERYTHING,關(guān)系代詞THAT被省略。THERE BE 句型作定語從句時，可以省略作主語的關(guān)系代詞THAT。GOING ON IN THE WORLD是現(xiàn)在分詞，作定語，修飾省略的關(guān)系代詞THAT。THERE BE 后的現(xiàn)在分詞，多看作定語。如：THERE�餝 SOMEBODY WANTING TO SEE YOU。
 ［A］it is
 ［B］as is
 ［C］there is
 ［D］what is

Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、I'd rather you (would go) ［A］ by train, because I (can't bear) ［B］ the idea of (your being) ［C］ in an air plane in (such) ［D］ bad weather.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查虛擬語氣知識。WOULD GO改為WENT。I�餌 RATHER=I WOULD RATHER,后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，形式是用動詞的過去式。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

12、It's essential that people (be) ［A］(psychological) ［B］ able to resist the impact (brought about)［C］ by the transition from (planned) ［D］ economy to market economy.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題測試副詞的用法。PSYCHOLOGICAL改為PSYCHOLOGICALLY。ABLE是形容詞，不可由形容詞PSYCHOLOGICAL修飾，須用其副詞形式PSYCHOLOGICALLY來修飾。有不少考生選［A］，他們認為BE錯了，其實在ESSENTIAL后的名詞從句中，謂語動詞應(yīng)用(SHOULD)+動詞原形。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

13、Some bosses dislike (to allow) ［A］ people (to share) ［B］ their responsibilities;they keep (all) ［C］important matters (tightly) ［D］ in their own hands.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查動名詞的用法。TO ALLOW改為ALLOWING。DISLIKE后接動名詞作賓語。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

14、Each cigarette which a person smokes (does) ［A］(some)［B］ harm, and eventually (you) ［C］ may get a serious disease from (its) ［D］ effect.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查代詞的指代一致問題。YOU改為HE。［C］項部分的代詞應(yīng)與前面的A PERSON相一致，所以應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)HE。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

15、(On the whole) ［A］，ambitious students (are much likely) ［B］ to succeed in their studies than (are those)［C］(with)［D］ little ambition.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查比較級的用法問題。ARE MUCH LIKELY改為ARE MORE LIKELY。后面有連詞THAN，所以前面應(yīng)當用形容詞比較級。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

16、(Despite) ［A］ much research, there are still certain elements (in) ［B］the life cycle of the insect that (is) ［C］not fully (understood).［D］

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查主謂一致問題。IS改為ARE。THAT引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞ELEMENTS，而不是THE INSECTS,所以從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)當用復(fù)數(shù)ARE。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

17、In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and (was honored) ［A］ in Germany until (the rise) ［B］ of Nazism (then) ［C］ he was driven (from) ［D］ Germany because he was a Jew.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查關(guān)系副詞的正確用法。THEN改為WHEN。WHEN是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾THE RISE OF NAZISM。THEN不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。
 ［A］
 ［B］
 ［C］
 ［D］

18、The data (received) ［A］ from the (two spacecrafts) ［B］ whirling around Mars (indicate) ［C］ that there is much evidence that huge thunderstorms (are occurring) ［D］ about the equator of rhe planet.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題測試名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。TWO SPACECRAFTS改為TWO SPACECRAFT。SPACECRAFT單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，不加“-S”。
 

19、Generally speaking,the bird flying (across) ［A］ our path is observed.and (the one) ［B］ staying on the tree near (at hand) ［C］ is passed by without any notice (taking) ［D］ of it.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題涉及被動語態(tài)問題。TAKING改為BEING TAKEN或TAKEN，表示被動。
 

20、Mercury�餾 velocity is (so much) ［A］ greater than (the Earth's) ［B］ that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time (that) ［C］ takes the Earth to complete (one) ［D］.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題實是考查IT作形式主語的用法問題。THAT改為(THAT) IT。(THAT) IT TAKES THE EARTH TO COMPLETE ONE是定語從句，修飾先行詞TIME，其中IT是形式主語，TO COMPLETE ONE是實際主語，關(guān)系代詞THAT是TAKES的賓語，可以省略。
 

Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found [] in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］ 21、 I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were [].

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查動詞短語的語義區(qū)別。CUT OFF 是“切斷，打斷”。［A］ HUNG UP 是“掛斷”；［B］ HUNG BACK 是“猶豫，畏縮”；［C］ CUT DOWN 是“削減，降低”。
 ［A］ hung up
 ［B］ hung back
 ［C］ cut down
 ［D］ cut off

22、She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend [] here so that she could learn more about the city.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題是一道詞形辨析題。SOME TIME 是“一些時間，一段時間”。［A］ SOMETIMES 是“有時”；［C］ SOMETIME 是“某時，日后”；［D］ SOME TIMES 是“幾次”，一般應(yīng)說 SEVERAL TIMES。
 ［A］ sometimes
 ［B］ some time
 ［C］ sometime
 ［D］ some times

23、 Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be [] with everyone who comes to the store.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞匯的固定搭配知識。ACQUAINTED 是“熟悉，認識”。［A］ ACCEPTED 是“接受”；［B］ ADMITTED 是“承認”；［C］ ADMIRED 是“欣賞，愛慕”。
 ［A］ accepted
 ［B］ admitted
 ［C］ admired
 ［D］ acquainted

24、He does not [] as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題同樣考查詞匯的搭配使用知識。QUALIFY 是“合格，有資格”，與 AS 搭配。［A］ EQUAL 是“等于，相當于”，常與 TO 搭配；［B］ MATCH 是“相配”，常與 WITH 搭配；［D］ FIT 是“使合適，使符合”。
 ［A］ equal
 ［B］ match
 ［C］ qualify
 ［D］ fit

25、Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been [] the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題主要是考查慣用的動賓搭配。PURSUING 是“追求，尋求”，與 GOAL 搭配。［B］ CHASING 是“追逐，追趕”；［C］ REACHING 是“達到”；［D］ WINNING 是“贏得”。
 ［A］ pursuing
 ［B］ chasing
 ［C］ reaching
 ［D］ winning

26、The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that [] the speakers stoped for refreshmernts.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查介詞短語知識。AT INTERVALS 是“不時，時時”。［A］ AT LARGE 是“逍遙法外；未被捕獲”；［C］ AT EASE 是“自在，合適”；［D］ AT RANDOM 是“任意，隨機”。
 ［A］ at large
 ［B］ at intervals
 ［C］ at ease
 ［D］ at random

27、When travelling, you are advised to take travellers�� checks, which provide a secure [] to carrying your money in cash.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查搭配及詞義辨析知識。ALTERNATIVE 是“選擇，替換物”。［A］ SUBSTITUTE 是“代用品”；［B］ SELECTION 是“選擇，挑選”；［C］ PREFERENCE 是“偏愛；優(yōu)先選擇”。
 ［A］ substitute
 ［B］ selection
 ［C］ preference
 ［D］ alternative

28、I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a [] character.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生的詞匯熟識程度。SUSPICIOUS 是“疑心的，可疑的”。［A］ GRACIOUS 是“寬厚的，優(yōu)美的”；［C］ UNIQUE 是“獨特的”；［D］ PARTICULAR 是“特殊的，個別的”。
 ［A］ gracious
 ［B］ suspicious
 ［C］ unique
 ［D］ particular

29、Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this [] produces artificial cold surrounding it.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查考生對上下句語義邏輯的把握能力。ABSORPTION 是“吸收”。［B］ TRANSITION 是“傳遞，過渡”；［C］ CONSUMPTION 是“消耗，消費”；［D］ INTERACTION 是“相互作用”。
 ［A］ absorption
 ［B］ transition
 ［C］ consumption
 ［D］ interaction

30、I didn't say anything like that at all. You are purposely [] my ideas to prove your point.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題同樣考查考生的上下句語義邏輯的把握能力。HOSTILE 是“敵意的，敵對的”。［A］ IMPARTIAL 是“無偏見的，公正的”；［B］ MILD 是“溫和的”；［D］ OPPOSING 是“相對的，相反的”。
 ［A］ revising
 ［B］ contradicting
 ［C］ distorting
 ［D］ distracting

31、 Language, culture, and personality may be considered [] of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題重點考查副詞與介詞的搭配使用問題。INDEPENDENTLY 是“獨立地，單獨地”。［A］ INDISTINCTLY 是“不清楚地”；［B］ SEPARATELY 是“分離地，分開地”；［C］ IRRELEVANTLY 是“無關(guān)地，不相干地”。
 ［A］ indistinctly
 ［B］ separately
 ［C］ irrelevantly
 ［D］ independently

32、Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to [] her laughter.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查HOLD引導(dǎo)的幾個動詞短語的用法區(qū)別。HOLD BACK 是“阻擋，抑制”。［B］ HOLD ON 是“堅持，繼續(xù)”；［C］ HOLD OUT 是“維持，堅持”；［D］ HOLD UP 是“舉起，攔截”。
 ［A］ hold back
 ［B］ hold on
 ［C］ hold out
 ［D］ hold up

33、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her [] attitude toward customers.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞匯的一般知識。DISTORTING 是“歪曲，扭曲”。［A］ REVISING 是“修改”；［B］ CONTRADICTING 是“反駁；互相矛盾”；［D］ DISTRACTING 是“打擾，使走神”。
 ［A］ impartial
 ［B］ mild
 ［C］ hostile
 ［D］ opposing

34、I [] with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查一般的詞匯知識。ACKNOWLEDGE 是“致謝，表示感謝”。［A］ EXPRESS 是“表示，表達”；［B］ CONFESS 是“承認”；［C］ VERIFY 是“證實”。
 ［A］ express
 ［B］ confess
 ［C］ verify
 ［D］ acknowledge

35、It is strictly [] that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題主要也是考查考生的詞義熟識程度。REGULATED 是“規(guī)定”。［A］ SECURED 是“使安全，保護”；［B］ FORBIDDEN 是“禁止”；［D］ DETERMINED 是“決心，決定”。
 ［A］ secured
 ［B］ forbidden
 ［C］ regulated
 ［D］ determined

36、The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in [] again next spring.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題主要考查介詞與名詞的固定搭配。SESSION 是“會議”，BE IN SESSION 是“在開會，在進行中”。［A］ ASSEMBLY 是“集會，集合”；［C］ CONFERENCE 是“會議，討論會”，不與 BE IN 搭配；［D］ CONVENTION 是“會議，大會”。
 ［A］ assembly
 ［B］ session
 ［C］ conference
 ［D］ convention

37、Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th [] the birth of Jesus Christ.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查介詞短語知識。IN HONOR OF 是“紀念”。［A］ IN ACCORDANCE WITH 是“根據(jù)，符合”；B) IN TERMS OF 是“關(guān)于，就……而言”；［C］ IN FAVOR OF 是“贊成，支持”。
 ［A］ in accordance with
 ［B］ in terms of
 ［C］ in favor of
 ［D］ in honor of

38、 Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am [] to carrying out the plan.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題實質(zhì)上是考查詞匯的搭配使用知識。COMMITTED 是“托付，交給”，常用 BE COMMITTED TO + 名詞(或動名詞)結(jié)構(gòu)。［A］ OBLIGED 是“迫使”，BE OBLIGED TO 后接不定式；［C］ ENGAGED 是“從事”，后接介詞 IN；［D］ RESOLVED 是“解決”。
 ［A］ obliged
 ［B］ committed
 ［C］ engaged
 ［D］ resolved

39、It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it [] as well as we had hoped.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查動詞短語知識。CAME OFF 是“實現(xiàn)；結(jié)果”。［B］ WENT OFF 是“離去，爆炸”；［C］ BROUGHT OUT 是“公布；出版，使出現(xiàn)”；［D］ MADE OUT 是“完成；拼湊”。
 ［A］ came off
 ［B］ went off
 ［C］ brought out
 ［D］ made out

40、To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must [] the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題重點考查固定詞語搭配問題。GEAR 是“使適應(yīng)，使適合”，常用 GEAR + 名詞 + TO (介詞)的結(jié)構(gòu)。［A］ IMPROVE 是“改進，提高”；［B］ ENHANCE 是加強；［C］ GUARANTEE 是“保證，保險”。
 ［A］ improve
 ［B］ enhance
 ［C］ guarantee
 ［D］ gear
Part ⅡCloze Test(每題1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, [41] do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for [42] foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if [43] is missing a deficiency disease becomes [44].
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and [45] nitrogen. They are different [46] their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin [47] one or more specific functions in the body.
[48] enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for [49] vitamins. Many people, [50], believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well�瞓alanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.
41、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題主要測試考生的句法知識。本句說的是維生素起不到的兩個作用。很明顯，所填入的詞必須是能表否定的、可前置、引導(dǎo)主謂倒裝的并列句的，能強調(diào)“也不”的意思的。只有NOR符合要求。
 ［A］either
 ［B］so
 ［C］nor
 ［D］never

42、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞匯搭配使用知識。“將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量”即把一種物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種物質(zhì)。SHIFT是位置的轉(zhuǎn)變；TRANSFER意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動”，譬如某學(xué)生TRANSFER FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER;ALTER意為“改變，更變”；TRANSFORM有“轉(zhuǎn)換”的意思。只有TRANSFORMING符合題意。
 ［A］shifting
 ［B］transferring
 ［C］altering
 ［D］transforming

43、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題涉及代詞的用法問題。四個選項都可作代詞。這里所缺的主語當指前半句中十幾種維生素之一，ANY可理解為ANY OF THEM,符合要求。SOME用于指代不可數(shù)名詞中的一部分或可數(shù)名詞中的幾個或幾種。此題中VITAMINS為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，若用SOME,則必然與后面的“IS MISSING”不一致。ANYTHING和SOMETHING均為泛指代詞，與上下文無關(guān)，排除。
 ［A］any
 ［B］some
 ［C］anything
 ［D］something

44、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生對上下文語義邏輯的連貫理解能力。如上一題做對，那么此題可迎刃而解。十幾種維生素缺乏一種，還不致于使疾病“嚴重”(SERIOUS),更不足以“致命”(FATAL)。另外，SEVERE一般不與疾病連用。而APPARENT (明顯的，顯然的)，則與題意相符。
 ［A］serious
 ［B］apparent
 ［C］severe
 ［D］fatal

45、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查連詞的使用知識。破折號后舉例維生素的各種成分，連詞AND表明各成分間為并列關(guān)系。若選MOSTLY,則與前文USUALLY矛盾，因為文章已明確談到維生素由多種成分構(gòu)成。若選PARTIALLY(部分、不完全地)，則完全多余。選RARELY(罕見地)否定含義，與AND暗示的并列關(guān)系矛盾。SOMETIMES則很通順，說明比較后一種元素NITROGEN(氮)可有可無。
 ［A］mostly
 ［B］partially
 ［C］sometimes
 ［D］rarely

46、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查連詞的使用知識�？崭袂罢f“維生素(又是)不同的”，空格后說“它們的組成部分的排列順序不同”。結(jié)合上一句來看，需要填充上一個詞，來表示前后兩部分的因果關(guān)系。故應(yīng)選意思與BECAUSE相同的IN THAT。
 ［A］in that
 ［B］so that
 ［C］such that
 ［D］except that

47、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查連詞的使用知識。四個選項均為常用動詞。由于UNDERTAKE意為“承擔(責(zé)任)、擔任(職務(wù))”，HOLD意為“占有(位置)、保持(狀況)、堅守(立場)”，PLAY意為“做(游戲)、扮演(角色)、做(工作)”，都不能與FUNCTION連用，所以選PERFORM,其意為“履行(功能)，做工作”。
除PERFORM外，常與FUNCTION搭配的動詞還有TO EXERCISE(GOVERNMENTAL FUNCTIONS),TO FULFILL(ONE�餝 SOCIAL FUNCTION),TO SERVE(A FUNCTION),TO ABUSE (ONE�餝 FUNCTIONS)等。
 ［A］undertakes
 ［B］holds
 ［C］plays
 ［D］performs

48、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生利用上下句語義參照做題的能力，也即，在語篇層次上理解做題的能力。對生命而言，重要的是獲得必要的維生素，而非提供維生素，故［A］、［C］、［D］均不符合題意。
 ［A］Supplying
 ［B］Getting
 ［C］Providing
 ［D］Furnishing

49、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題也是一道上下文語義邏輯題。ALTHOUGH表明本句中存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。主句獲得維生素對身體非常重要，故［A］、［C］、［D］應(yīng)該說“過多的(EXCESS)”維生素也沒什么好處。EXCEPTIONAL(例外的，不尋常的)，EXCEEDING(極度的，非常的)及EXTERNAL(外部的)放在句中顯然不通。
 ［A］exceptional
 ［B］exceeding
 ［C］excess
 ［D］external

50、

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道明確的語義邏輯題。前面已說明了道理，比較后一句說還是有許多人反其道而行之，顯然，二者之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。四個選項中，只有［A］NEVERTHELESS能起此作用。
 ［A］nevertheless
 ［B］therefore
 ［C］moreover
 ［D］meanwhile
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(每題2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

單項選擇題

Passage1
Tight�瞝ipped elders used to say, “It�餾 not what you want in this world, but what you get.”
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could_be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could�瞓e job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
51、What do the elders mean when they say, “It�餾 not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道句義題，與詞義題一樣，解題關(guān)鍵在于上下文的綜合參照。這句話如果補充完整，應(yīng)為:IT�餝 NOT WHAT YOU WANT THAT MATTERS,BUT WHAT YOU GET.意即：重要的不是你在這個世界上需要什么，而是你得到了什么。下文進一步闡述了這一層意思：只要你明白自己需要什么，且你的需要是合情合理的，你就能得到它。只有你明白WHAT YOU WANT,才會制定相應(yīng)的計劃，才會比較終GET IT。強調(diào)重要的是WHAT YOU GET，其實就是強調(diào)要付出實際行動，類似于中國人認為的，要立志，更要踐志，光有雄心壯志是不夠的。所以選［B］。另外［A］中的CERTAINLY有悖作者的意思，［C］所表達的“知足常樂”的思想更是與本章無關(guān)。而在［D］中，“SET A GOAL”實際上就是DECIDE WHAT YOU WANT,已經(jīng)被作者否定其ESSENTIAL(比較根本，比較重要)的地位了。
 ［A］You�餷l certainly get what you want.
 ［B］It�餾 no use dreaming.
 ［C］You should be dissatisfied with what you have.
 ［D］It�餾 essential to set a goal for yourself.

52、A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道邏輯題。由于文章的后三段全部在講關(guān)于找工作的事，所以可以判斷，作者引用格言也好，舉建房、請客吃飯的例子也好，真正的原因在于說工作，說理想。第四段開頭用了一個LIKEWISE,說明前后兩段的類比關(guān)系。所以在從請客吃飯要做計劃，說到找工作時，實際上也從找工作也要制訂相應(yīng)計劃(即寫簡歷、寫求職信)開始，所以答案為［A］。
 ［A］an illustration of how to write an application for a job
 ［B］an indication of how to secure a good job
 ［C］a guideline for job description
 ［D］a principle for job evaluation

53、 According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。其意思是：“這使人清楚認識自己”。由第四段比較后一句及比較后一段第一句可知，寫簡歷的作用，在于讓人明白自己到底有什么的能力，從而弄清應(yīng)該去求什么樣的職。
 ［A］that is the first step to please the employer
 ［B］that is the requirement of the employer
 ［C］it enables him to know when to sell his services
 ［D］it forces him to become clearly aware of himself

54、When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題實為一道詞義題。考查對比較后一段第一句話的理解如何。其中TANGIBLE與SELL的意思分別與DEFINITE和OFFER對應(yīng)，因為TANGIBLE意為“明確”，SELL為“出賣(服務(wù))”，意指“提供(服務(wù))”。關(guān)鍵在于弄清TANGIBLE的意思。
譯文 解讀 出言謹慎的長輩們過去常說，“這個世界上不是你想要什么，而是你得到什么”。
心理學(xué)教給人們，如果你知道你想要什么，并且想要的是合理的東西，你確實能得到你想要的東西。 這是一篇議論文。
第一，二段指出只要知道自己需要什么，且要求合理，就可以得到。 你可以在腦子里描繪一幅愿望藍圖，就像畫房屋的藍圖一樣。事實上，在普通的日常生活中我們中每一個人都在描繪著這些藍圖。如果邀請朋友進餐，我們要計劃菜譜，定采購清單，決定先做哪個菜。制定這樣的計劃對準備任何類型的飯菜都是必要的。 同樣地，如果你想找到一份工作，那就先拿一張紙，把自己的情況簡單寫下來。在描繪工作藍圖時，你要從自己開始，因為當你準確知道你能提供什么時，你才能明確地計劃到哪兒去謀職。 第四段指出求職之前也需好好規(guī)劃，寫好求職申請。 這份自我描述書實際是你工作生活的簡歷，應(yīng)當包括所受教育、經(jīng)驗和證明材料。這樣的一份簡歷是有價值的。填正式申請表時可以參照，面試時尤其有用。你的未來雇主在對你談話時，就在掂量，如果雇傭你，是否你所受到的教育、工作經(jīng)歷和其他資格會使其受益。你的“商品”和能力必須要有條不紊地、合情合理地展示出來。 第五段描述了求職的準備工作，即自述的內(nèi)容及作用。 當你精心地準備了自己能力與愿望的藍圖之后，你就有具體明確的東西可以推銷了。你也就為你找工作做好了準備。收集關(guān)于要選擇工作的所有信息，調(diào)查與工作和公司相關(guān)的細節(jié)。多觀察，多聽別人的意見，自己做出判斷。每天花一定時間找你希望得到的工作，并且記住，確保找一個工作就是你現(xiàn)在的工作。 第六段指出還應(yīng)盡可能地獲取關(guān)于你未來工作的信息。
 ［A］definite to offer
 ［B］imaginary to provide
 ［C］practical to supply
 ［D］desirable to present

Passage2
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation�餾 news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They have brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children�餾 programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years — yet the BBC�餝 future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly�瞗unded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation�瞱ide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC�餾 royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain�餿 broke, don�餿 fix it.” The BBC “ain�餿 broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke”, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government�餾 Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers�� subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
55、The world famous BBC now faces [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。本文主要講的就是大眾對BBC是否該改變，甚至是否該繼續(xù)存在的大討論，由于人們觀點不同，“THE BBC�餝 FUTURE IS NOW IN DOUBT”(第三段第一句)，即其未來尚未確定。
 ［A］the problem of news coverage
 ［B］an uncertain prospect
 ［C］inquiries by the general public
 ［D］shrinkage of audience

56、In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道是非判斷題。由第一段可知，［B］、［D］由第三段比較后一句可知。文中找不到關(guān)于［C］的內(nèi)容。
 ［A］Extension of its TV service to Far East.
 ［B］Programmes as the subject of a nation�瞱ide debate.
 ［C］Potentials for further international co�瞣perations.
 ［D］Its existence as a broadcasting organization.

57、The BBC's “royal charter” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) stands for [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道詞義題，考查“ROYAL CHARTER”一詞的詞義。大家知道，BBC是“國家辦的，企業(yè)的”。在英國，與女王簽有合約的企業(yè)才算是國家辦的企業(yè)，但BBC實際上是“PUBLICLY FUNDED”。這些“英國國情”，說明了［A］的錯誤，［C］的正確。另外，［B］、［D］意為“契約，許可證”。
 ［A］the financial support from the royal family
 ［B］the privileges granted by the Queen
 ［C］a contract with the Queen
 ［D］a unique relationship with the royal family

58、The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。BBC調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略的比較主要的原因(FOREMOST REASON)在文章比較后一句有明確陳述：THE ARRIVAL OF NEW SATELLITE CHANNELS.
譯文 解讀 隨著BBC英國廣播公司電視節(jié)目的開播，亞洲和美洲成百萬人現(xiàn)在不僅可以收聽該公司的新聞廣播而且還可以收看它的新聞報道。當然，英國聽眾和觀眾可以收到兩個BBC電視頻道，五個BBC全國廣播電臺和幾十個地方電臺。每戶每年交83英鎊收視費即可看到體育、喜劇、戲劇、音樂、新聞和時事、教育、宗教、議會、兒童和電影節(jié)目。 這是一篇議論文。
第一、二段地BBC的現(xiàn)狀作了肯定性的介紹。 近70年來，BBC歷程輝煌，但它的未來現(xiàn)在還難以判定。公司將作為公眾資助的廣播機構(gòu)而存在，至少目前如此，但它的作用、規(guī)模和節(jié)目如今在英國成了全國爭論的話題。 第三段指出BBC前途未卜，它的作用、規(guī)模和節(jié)目已成了全英國談?wù)摰脑掝}。 爭論是由政府發(fā)起的。它邀了每一位對BBC有看法的人——包括普通聽眾和觀眾——說出公司好壞之所在，甚至說出他們認為該公司是否值得存在下去。這樣做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特許證到1996年到期。政府必須決定對該公司維持原狀還是進行變革。 第四段指出BBC的未來進行公開討論的原因。 公司的辯護者——他們中很多人——喜歡引用美國的一個廣告口號：“如果還沒壞，就不要修理�！彼麄冋fBBC公司還沒有“BROKE”，意指還沒“BROKEN(垮掉)”(與表示“破產(chǎn)”的“BROKE”意義不同)。所以為什么要找麻煩去改變它呢? 第五段介紹維持現(xiàn)狀者的看法。 然而，BBC將不得不進行變革，因為它周圍的廣播界正在發(fā)生變化。作為商業(yè)電視頻道的獨立電視公司和四頻道按撒切爾政府廣播法案的要求進行商業(yè)化，彼此競爭廣告業(yè)務(wù)，降低成本，裁減工作人員。但是，新增加的衛(wèi)星頻道，其資金部分來自廣告收入，部分來自用戶費用，從長遠來看會帶來比較大的變化。 第六段指出作者的看法：BBC必須改革。
 ［A］the emergence of commercial TV channels
 ［B］the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
 ［C］the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
 ［D］the challenge of new satellite channels

Passage3
In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “l(fā)abor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state�瞣wned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders�� meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other�餾 strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
59、It's true of the old family firms that [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道是非判斷題。由第一段第三句可知，舊式家族企業(yè)的沒落在于THE DECLINE OF EFFICIENCY,即相對之下，舊式家族企業(yè)比現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)的效率低下得多。［A］的錯誤在于絕對，因為COMMONLY一詞說明盡管是普遍現(xiàn)象，但并非沒有例外，而且YOUNG GENERATIONS也不等于文中的THE SECOND AND THIRD GENERATIONS。
 ［A］they were spoiled by the younger generations
 ［B］they failed for lack of individual initiative
 ［C］they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
 ［D］they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers

60、The growth of limited liability companies resulted in [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。意為“資本與管理的分離”。有限公司的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果在第二段有詳細的闡述。對資本及企業(yè)大規(guī)模非個人操作，使持股人的數(shù)量及重要性都大大增加，他們形成一個階級，使得資本與土地及土地的所有者分離，同時也使得資本與企業(yè)管理分離。即投資者并不必實際參與經(jīng)營而是些吃紅利或參加些間接管理，而真正的管理者未必是公司的擁有者。
 ［A］the separation of capital from management
 ［B］the ownership of capital by managers
 ［C］the emergence of capital and labor as two classes
 ［D］the participation of shareholders in municipal business

61、According to the passage, all of the following are true except that [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道是非判斷題。［A］由比較后一段第一句可知；［B］由比較后一段第二句可知；［D］由比較后一段第四句可知。［C］在文中找不到相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。
 ［A］the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers
 ［B］the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers
 ［C］the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
 ［D］the trade unions seemed to play a positive role

62、The author is most critical of [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題實為一道態(tài)度題，題目問文中作者對誰持強烈批評態(tài)度。題目的意思是：作者批評的比較厲害的哪種人?由比較后一段第四句知，作者對“工會”持肯定態(tài)度；比較后一段第二句中，作者對“經(jīng)理”的作用也持部分肯定的態(tài)度；比較后一段第一句明顯表現(xiàn)了“股東”的不滿，用了“NO GOOD”這樣表絕對否定的詞。另外，文中沒有直接評述“地主”的話。
譯文 解讀 19世紀下半期，“資方”和“勞方”按現(xiàn)代化方式不斷擴大和完善各自相對立的組織。很多老商號由有限責(zé)任公司所取代。這種公司有由領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理所組成的官僚結(jié)構(gòu)，通過雇傭大量專業(yè)人員，來滿足新時代的技術(shù)要求，并阻止了效率下降。由于效率的降低，家族式商號通常在那些精力充沛的創(chuàng)始人之后的第二、三代之時就倒閉了。并且，這也是公司擺脫個體創(chuàng)始，向集體化和市營、國營邁出的第一步。鐵路公司，雖然是為股東謀利的私人企業(yè)，也同過去的家族式商號大不一樣了。同時，大城市也開始從商，對上稅人提供照明、電車和其他服務(wù)項目。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段介紹了有限責(zé)任公司開始取代舊的家族企業(yè)，這樣的公司具有效率高、服務(wù)多的優(yōu)勢。 責(zé)任有限公司和市屬企業(yè)的增長具有重要的作用。對資本和企業(yè)這種大規(guī)模的非個人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個階級的數(shù)量和重要性。這個階層作為國民生活的一部分，代表了非個人責(zé)任的財富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c責(zé)任管理相分離。整個19世紀，美洲、非洲、印度、澳大利亞和歐洲部分國家因英國資本而得到發(fā)展，英國股東就這樣在世界走向工業(yè)化過程中大發(fā)其財。像BORNEMOUTH和EASTBOURNE這樣的城市興起了，大批隱退的享樂階層人士靠自己的收入，在這里過著悠閑的生活。他們與身外社會的人沒有聯(lián)系，只是分取紅利，偶爾參加參加股東會議，對管理人員發(fā)號施令。另一方面，持股意味著悠閑和自由。在維多利亞后期，這被很多人視為傳達文明的比較高目標。 第二段講述了這種變化所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果便是造就了一個新的持股階層。 這樣的股東不了解他們持股公司里的工人的生活、思想和需要。他們對勞資關(guān)系并沒有好的影響。代公司進行管理的領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理們對工人和工人的要求有直接的關(guān)系，但即使他們也不像昔日的家族式商號體系那樣熟悉工人情況。確實，單就經(jīng)營規(guī)模和工人數(shù)量來說，建立這種個人關(guān)系已經(jīng)不可能了。然而幸運的是，工會的勢力和組織在不斷擴大，至少在各技術(shù)行業(yè)是如此，這使工人與雇傭他們的經(jīng)理地位平待了。罷工與封廠的殘酷懲罰教給雙方互相新生對方的力量，理解公平談判的價值。 第三段主要講述了持股階層及公司經(jīng)理們與勞動者之間的隔閡及應(yīng)對措施。
 ［A］family firm owners
 ［B］landowners
 ［C］managers
 ［D］shareholders

Passage4
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America_breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country�餾 excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”
A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered investors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process ... The designer and the inventor ...are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”
This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”
When all these shaping forces — schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking — interacted with one another on the rich U.S.mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
63、According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題，考生要注意文章中相關(guān)部分的修飾詞語。在作者看來，美國早期的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造熱是由幾個因素共同促進的，但是，在這些因素中，美國人的“空間”思維能力起了比較大的作用(見第二段)。
 ［A］elementary schools
 ［B］enthusiastic workers
 ［C］the attractive premium system
 ［D］a special way of thinking

64、It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道推斷題。第三段、第四段指出，小學(xué)教育是美國擁有大量發(fā)明的原因之一，而其重要部分是算術(shù)、幾何及三角知識，即MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE。
 ［A］benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
 ［B］shed light on disciplined school management
 ［C］was brought about by privileged home training
 ［D］owed a lot to the technological development

65、A technologist can be compared to an artist because [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。本題與63題有共通之處：NONVERBAL SPATIAL THINKING(非語言式的形象思維)是兩種人的共同特征。
 ［A］they are both winners of awards
 ［B］they are both experts in spatial thinking
 ［C］they both abandon verbal description
 ［D］they both use various instruments

66、The best title for this passage might be [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道主旨題，考查考生對全篇文章信息進行綜合歸納的能力。文章第一、二段自問自答，提出本文要論證的問題；第三、四段指出教育的影響；第五、六段指出了獎勵制度的鼓勵作用；第七、八段探討了早期美國人特有的思維方式的決定性作用；比較后一段是全文的總結(jié)。可見，本文主要探討了早期美國人的創(chuàng)造熱情及其根源。由于其根源在于極具創(chuàng)造性的，SPATIAL THINKING,所以選INVENTIVE MIND。(注意［C］不對，WAYS OF THINKING是復(fù)數(shù)，而文章只提到了一種思維方式；［C］不對，因為并沒有不斷列舉INVENTIONS)。譯文 解讀 早期的美國，重大發(fā)明像電報，汽船和織布機大量涌現(xiàn)，這是什么原因呢?
在諸多形成因素中，我想特別提出的是這個國家優(yōu)異的初等教育；歡迎新技術(shù)的勞動大軍；給發(fā)明者以獎勵的做法；比較主要的，美國人處理技術(shù)問題時所具有的非語言的空間立體思維天賦。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段提出本文主要論證的問題。 為什么提到初等教育呢?因為多虧這些學(xué)校，我們早期的技工，特別是在新英格蘭和大西洋沿岸中部各州，才普及了文化，熟悉了算術(shù)，具有了一定的幾何、三角知識。
目光敏銳的外國觀察者把美國人的適應(yīng)能力和創(chuàng)造力與這種教育優(yōu)勢聯(lián)系起來。一個1853年到這兒訪問的英國訪問團成員報道說：“有了在學(xué)校徹底訓(xùn)練過的頭腦，美國孩子迅速地成為技術(shù)熟練的技工。”
發(fā)明的另一個刺激因素是來自“獎賞”制度，這個制度存在于專利制度之前，且若干年來與后者同時并存。這種做法來自國外，它給發(fā)明者以獎?wù)�、獎金和其他獎勵�?BR>在美國鄉(xiāng)村博覽會和大城市工業(yè)博覽會都設(shè)有諸多獎項。美國人聚集到這些博覽會，對新的機器贊嘆不已，也因此更加堅信技術(shù)進步造福人類。
有了這種對技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的樂觀態(tài)度，美國工人輕易地學(xué)會了那種非語言的思維方式，來適應(yīng)機械技術(shù)的需要。正如EUGENE FERGUSON曾經(jīng)指出的：“技術(shù)專家思考不能用清晰語言進行描述的物體；它們在頭腦中以圖形方式出現(xiàn)。以非語言方式處理……設(shè)計者和發(fā)明者能把這些還未面世的機械在頭腦中組裝，操作起來�！�
這一非語言的空間立體思維方式像繪畫、寫作一樣具有創(chuàng)造力。ROBERT FULTON曾經(jīng)寫道，“自己思路的展示，每一個新組合都傳送一個新觀念。” 第三、四、五、六、七、八段詳細地說明這些原因及作用。 當所有這些構(gòu)成因素——學(xué)校、開放態(tài)度、獎賞制度、空間立體思維的天賦——在富饒的美國大陸相互作用時，便產(chǎn)生了美國的特點——“EMULATION”。這個詞現(xiàn)在僅表示“模仿”之義，但在美國早期，它卻意味著為名譽和卓越進行友好、競爭的拼搏。 第九段進行了全文概括。
 ［A］Inventive Mind
 ［B］Effective Schooling
 ［C］Ways of Thinking
 ［D］Outpouring of Inventions
 

Passage5
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism／evolution are in the publisher�餾 pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non�瞗undamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher�餾 book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non�瞫pecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does—and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism／evolution debate.
67、“Creationism” in the passage refers to [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題是一道詞義題，問“CREATIONISM”是什么。在本文中，作者將“造物主義理論”(或曰“創(chuàng)世紀主義理論”)與進化論對立而論，提出前者的基礎(chǔ)是宗教而不是科學(xué)，指出了其“虛假性”(參考文章第一段比較后第一句；第二段、第三段也對造物主義進行了批判)。DECEPTIVE意味“虛假的”，符合題意。
 ［A］evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe
 ［B］a notion of the creation of religion
 ［C］the scientific explanation of the earth formation
 ［D］the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe

68、Kitcher's book is intended to [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道推斷題，問KITCHER著書的目的是什么。對造物主義的批判是本文的重點。第二段指出，他利用合適的機會對造物主義進行了批判；在比較后三章，他摘掉手套，將造物主義者狠狠揍了一頓，他描述了他們的綱領(lǐng)及手段，指出他們的欺騙程度和歪曲程度令人吃驚和厭惡。這樣，作者對造物主義的來源和表現(xiàn)都作了批判，所以［B］是應(yīng)選答案。
 ［A］recommend the views of the evolutionists
 ［B］expose the true features of creationists
 ［C］curse bitterly at his opponents
 ［D］launch a surprise attack on creationists
 

69、From the passage we can infer that [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這又是一道推斷題。由第一段中比較后一句及第二段第四句可以看出，作者對造物主義的批判著重點在其推理的邏輯上，即后者把無法理解的事歸于上帝，這與［B］的意思相仿。
 ［A］reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
 ［B］creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
 ［C］evolutionary theory is too difficult for non�瞫pecialists
 ［D］creationism is supported by scientific findings

70、This passage appears to be a digest of [].

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道類比判斷題。由第二、三段可非常容易地看出本文來自一篇譯書。
譯文 解讀 據(jù)傳言，有20多本關(guān)于神造論和進化論的書即將出版。有幾本已經(jīng)面世了。所有這些書的目的是試圖向那些糊涂的、常常是還不開通的世人解釋，在宇宙和生命的起源與發(fā)展中，不存在兩種正確的理論。宇宙學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)和生物學(xué)對世上所發(fā)生的事情提供了一貫的、統(tǒng)一的并且不斷修正的解釋。有人提出科學(xué)神造論，想在教室里與進化論的科學(xué)講述相提并論，其實是基于宗教，而非科學(xué)。實際上，所有科學(xué)家和大多數(shù)非原教旨主義宗教領(lǐng)袖都已認為“科學(xué)的”神造論是糟糕的科學(xué)和糟糕的宗教。 這是一篇書評。
第一段介紹了有關(guān)宇宙起源的兩種對立的觀點，并引出KITCHER的新書。 KITCHER這本書的前四章簡單地介紹了進化論。在適當?shù)牡胤�，他引入了對神造論的批評并提供了答案。在比較后的三章，他絲毫不客氣，給神造論者以猛烈的評擊。他還描述了他們的綱領(lǐng)和手段。對于那些不熟悉神造論者手法的人來說，其欺騙程度和對事實的歪曲程度會讓他們感到吃驚、氣憤。因為神造論者的基本動機是宗教的，人們還期望在他們身上看到更多的體現(xiàn)基督精神的行為。 第二段指出書的內(nèi)容，并借KITCHER的書中內(nèi)容來駁斥創(chuàng)世紀論者的荒謬觀點。 KITDHER是位哲學(xué)家。這是他立論清晰有說服力的部分原因。非專業(yè)人士將至少能對支持進化論的數(shù)據(jù)和論點得到了解。關(guān)于神造論者的比較后一章對任何人來說都闡述得極其清楚。在這本優(yōu)秀作品的護封上，STEPHEN JAY GOULD說：“這本書代表理性本身�！钡拇_如此——如果理性是神造論和進化論之爭的唯一裁判，一切問題就解決了。 第三段作者強調(diào)理性的重要性，對此書進行了評價。
 ［A］a book review
 ［B］a scientific paper
 ［C］a magazine feature
 ［D］a newspaper editorial
Part Ⅳ English�睠hinese Translation(每題3分，共15分)Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.(15 points)

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. (71) (Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self�瞐ccelerating. ) Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. (72) (This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.)It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. (73) (This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.)
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. (74) (However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world�餾 more fascinating and delightful aspects.) (75) (New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.)
71、

（本題分值：3分）

【正確答案】
在這些原因中，有些完全自然而然來自社會需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而取得特定進展的必然結(jié)果。