管理學術語，英文對照與解析例句丨MBA面試：

　　1.

　　Manager/管理者

　　Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals.

　　2.

　　First-line manager/基層管理者

　　Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are involved with the production or the organization's products.

　　3.

　　Middle managers/中層管理者

　　Managers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers.

　　4.

　　Top manager/高層管理者

　　Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.

　　5.

　　Management/管理

　　The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.

　　6.

　　Efficiency/效率

　　Getting the most output from the least amount of inputs referred to as"doing right things".

　　7.

　　Effectiveness/效果

　　Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained referred to as"doing the right things".

　　8.

　　Planning/計劃

　　Management function that involves the process of defining goals,establishing strategies for achieving those goals,and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

　　9.

　　Organizing/組織

　　Management function that involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done,who is to do them.How the tasks are to be grouped,who reports to them,and where decisions are to made.

　　10.

　　Leading/領導

　　Management function that involves motivating subordinates,influencing individuals or teams as they work,selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in any way with employee behavior issues.

　　11.

　　Controlling/控制

　　Management functon that involves monitoring actual performance,comparing actual to standard,and taking action,if necessary.

　　12.

　　Management process/管理過程

　　The set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan,organize,lead,and control.

　　13.

　　Management roles/管理角色

　　Specific categories of managerial behavior.

　　14.

　　Interpersonal roles/人際關系角色

　　Managerial roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature.

　　15.

　　Informational roles/信息傳遞角色

　　Managerial roles that involve receiving,collecting,and disseminating information.