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Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer! By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged. 63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________. 。ˋ)impatient 。˙)considerate (C)aggressive 。―)agreeable 64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________. 。ˋ)the pressure is too great on the students 。˙)some students are bound to fail 。–)failure rates are too high 。―)the results of examinations are doubtful 65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________. 。ˋ)candidates' sensitivity 。˙)academic achievements 。–)competitive spirit (D)surer values 66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________. 。ˋ)the personality of a child is well established at birth 。˙)family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics 。–)the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors 。―)B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society 答案及試題解析 63.(C) 意為:攻擊性的,好斗的。 文章第一、二、三段都提到:A型性格的人在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng),形成了他們的性格特征。第二段第三句直接用competitive(爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝的,愛(ài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的)一詞描述A型性格的人。 A意為:缺乏耐心的、不耐心的。這也許是他們有時(shí)候所表現(xiàn)出的性格特征,但不是他們的一般性性格特征。 B意為:體貼人的,為人著想的。這與事實(shí)形成鮮明的對(duì)比。 D意為:和藹的,易相處的,使人愉快的。 64.(B) 意為:有些學(xué)生肯定不及格。 [參考譯文] 現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu),在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的A類(lèi)好像在某個(gè)方面要比他們B類(lèi)的同輩更勝一籌。 [參考譯文] 孩子們吸收A類(lèi)個(gè)性的地方是學(xué)校。就學(xué)校的本質(zhì)而言,它是一個(gè)高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)構(gòu)。 [大綱詞匯] extent n.廣度,寬度,長(zhǎng)度;程度,限度 [經(jīng)典例句] His attitude will influence the result to a large extent. [大綱詞匯] inherent a.固有的,內(nèi)在的,天生的 inherit v.繼承 [經(jīng)典例句] Parents should be waken to the inherent nature of their children. [大綱詞匯] bring about 帶來(lái),造成 [經(jīng)典例句] The new policy brought about many improvements in the employment of women. [大綱詞匯] offspring n.子孫,后代;結(jié)果,產(chǎn)物 [大綱詞匯] profound a.深刻的,意義深遠(yuǎn)的;淵博的,造詣深的 [經(jīng)典例句] The city has undergone a profound change in the past few years. [大綱詞匯] soak v.浸泡,浸濕,浸透 [經(jīng)典例句] The earth soaks up rainwater. [大綱詞匯] sport n.運(yùn)動(dòng);pl.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) sportsman n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員 [擴(kuò)充詞義] sport v.炫耀,夸示 [經(jīng)典例句] The young man sported a roll of money his father gave him to his friends. [大綱詞匯] compete v.比賽;競(jìng)爭(zhēng) competent a.有能力的,勝任的 competitin n.比賽;競(jìng)爭(zhēng) competitive a.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,比賽的 competitor n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,對(duì)手 [經(jīng)典例句] He competed with other fellow colleagues for the position. [大綱詞匯] keen a.鋒利的;敏銳的;敏捷的;(on)熱心的,渴望的 [經(jīng)典例句] He is very keen to visit China. [大綱詞匯] consequence n.結(jié)果,后果,影響;重要性 in consequence因此,結(jié)果 in consequence of 由于…的緣故 consequently ad.因而,所以 [經(jīng)典例句] Your mistake will surely bring about unfavorable consequence. [大綱詞匯] rejoice v.(使)欣喜,(使)高興 [經(jīng)典例句] He rejoiced at his friend's good fortune. [大綱詞匯] conquer v.征服,戰(zhàn)勝,占領(lǐng);克服,破除(壞習(xí)慣)conquest n.征服 [經(jīng)典例句] Napoleon conquered a number of European countries in a few years. [經(jīng)典例句] His explanation is clear by far. [大綱詞匯] proportion n.比例;部分,份兒;均衡,相稱(chēng) in proportion 與…成比例的 [衍生詞匯] proportionate a.成比例的;均衡的,相稱(chēng)的 disproportionate a.不成比例的,不相稱(chēng)的 [經(jīng)典例句] A disproportionate number of fatal accidents take place at night. [大綱詞匯] emphasis n.強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn) emphasize v.強(qiáng)調(diào) [經(jīng)典例句] The teacher lay emphasis on the importance of the assignment. [大綱詞匯] concentrate v.(on)集中,專(zhuān)心;濃縮;n.濃縮物 concentration n.集中;專(zhuān)心,專(zhuān)注 [經(jīng)典例句] He concentrates solely on law studies. [大綱詞匯] merit n.優(yōu)點(diǎn),價(jià)值,功績(jī);v.值得,應(yīng)得 [經(jīng)典例句] The new method has few merits. [大綱詞匯] question n.問(wèn)題,議題;發(fā)問(wèn),詢問(wèn) v.詢問(wèn),審問(wèn);懷疑,對(duì)…表示疑問(wèn) in question 正在考慮 questionable a.可疑的,不可靠的 [經(jīng)典例句] The accuracy of the news is questionable. [大綱詞匯] know v.知道,了解;認(rèn)識(shí),熟悉;精通 know as 被認(rèn)為是 knowledge n.知識(shí),學(xué)問(wèn);知道,了解 [經(jīng)典例句] He felt safe in the knowledge of his enemy's death. [大綱詞匯] change n.變換,調(diào)換,交換,互換;改變,變化 v.改變,變化;零錢(qián),找頭 [經(jīng)典例句] Water change into ice at zero degree. [大綱詞匯] fit v.使適合,使配合,適應(yīng);安裝,裝配 a. (for,to)適合的,恰當(dāng)?shù);健康的,?qiáng)健的 fitting a.適當(dāng)?shù),恰?dāng)?shù);n. [pl.]配件,附件;裝配,安裝 [經(jīng)典例句] One should fit his action to the world. [大綱詞匯] person n.人;本人,自身 in person 親自 personal a.個(gè)人的,私人的;親自的,本人的;身體的,人身的 personality n.人格,個(gè)性 [經(jīng)典例句] Environment shapes personality. [大綱詞匯] occupy v.占,占用;占據(jù),占領(lǐng);使忙碌,使從事 [衍生詞匯] occupation n.從事;工作 preoccupy v.使全神貫注,使入神;搶先占有 preoccupation n.搶先占有;全神貫注;使人全神貫注的事 [經(jīng)典例句] Environmental protection is clearly their main preoccupation. [大綱詞匯] academic a.學(xué)院的,學(xué)術(shù)的 academy n.學(xué)院,研究會(huì),學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體 [經(jīng)典例句] The professor puts greater emphasis on academic studies. [大綱詞匯] lessen v.減少,減輕 [詞匯比較] lesson n.功課;教訓(xùn) [經(jīng)典例句] The latest news lessened their worries. [大綱詞匯] consider v.認(rèn)為,把…看作;考慮,細(xì)想;體諒,照顧 considerable a.相當(dāng)大(或多)的,可觀的,值得考慮的 considerate a.考慮周到的,體諒的 consideration n.需要考慮的事,理由;考慮,思考;體諒,照顧 [經(jīng)典例句] The matter is receiving the serious consideration of the board. [大綱詞匯] sensitive a. (to)sensitivity n. [經(jīng)典例句] The machine must be used with care considering its sensitivity. [大綱詞匯] sympathy n.同情,同情心,贊同 sympathetic a.同情的,共鳴的sympathize v.(with)同情,憐憫;共鳴,同感 [經(jīng)典例句] Those people need our help and sympathy. [大綱詞匯] exclusive a.專(zhuān)有的,獨(dú)占的;除外的,排他的 exclusively ad.僅僅;專(zhuān)門(mén)地,排他地 [經(jīng)典例句] The article was written exclusively for Newsweek. [大綱詞匯] stock n.備料,庫(kù)存,現(xiàn)貨;股票,公債,存儲(chǔ) in stock現(xiàn)有,備有 [擴(kuò)充詞義] stock n.祖先,世系,家族,類(lèi) [經(jīng)典例句] He descended from Jewish stock. [大綱詞匯] aggressive a. [衍生詞匯] aggression n. [經(jīng)典例句] The councilor appealed to the city to take aggressive action. [大綱詞匯] oppose v.反對(duì),反抗 [衍生詞匯] opposed a.反對(duì)的,對(duì)抗的 be opposed to 反對(duì) opposition n.反對(duì),反抗;抵抗,對(duì)立 [經(jīng)典例句] We are firmly opposed to power politics. [大綱詞匯] conclude v.結(jié)束,終止;斷定,下結(jié)論;締結(jié),協(xié)議 conclusion n.結(jié)束,終結(jié);結(jié)論,推論 in conclusion 最后,總之 [經(jīng)典例句] He drew a conclusion without discussing the matter with others. [大綱詞匯] birth n.出生,分娩;出身,血統(tǒng) [經(jīng)典例句] The child weighed 7 pounds at birth. [大綱詞匯] due a. (to)應(yīng)支付的;(車(chē),船等)應(yīng)到達(dá)的;應(yīng)有的 due to 由于,因?yàn)?/p> [經(jīng)典例句] The ship was late due to the heavy storm. |
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