步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on ，cab ，carriage用 in

    例：On foot 步行； on horse 騎馬； on donkey騎驢。

    He rode on， blood flowing from his side. 他騎著馬，鮮血從腰部流下
來(lái)。

    The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day
in order to catch up with his unit. 為趕上部隊(duì)，那位八路軍戰(zhàn)士騎馬日行
百里。

    Go on horse back！騎馬去！

    You are having me on！你和我開(kāi)玩笑呢！

    in cab和 in carriage不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage.

    at山腳、門(mén)口在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落價(jià)核心

    即在山腳下、在門(mén)口、在目前，速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時(shí)、在…
…核心要用at.

    例：At the foot of the mountain ， there are thirty of our comrades.
在山腳下，有我們30個(gè)同志。

    There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山腳下有一個(gè)美麗
的湖。

    At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.
門(mén)口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。

    Who's standing there at the door？誰(shuí)站在門(mén)口？

    I don't need the dictionary at present. 我現(xiàn)在還不需要這本詞典。

    He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在華盛頓。

    The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火車(chē)每小時(shí)行駛50公里。

    We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost. 我們以最低的投資，
最高的速度修建了該工廠。

    at home 在國(guó)內(nèi)，在家里at ten degrees centigrade 在攝氏10度at minus
ten degrees centigrade攝氏零下10度Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在
攝氏零度結(jié)冰。

    Water usually boils at 100°。水通常在攝氏100 度沸騰。

    at zero 在零度at full speed 全速at a good price 高價(jià)at a low cost
低成本at a great cost 花了很大代價(jià)at that time在當(dāng)時(shí)Evaporation takes
place at all temperatures.蒸發(fā)在任何溫度下都能發(fā)生。

    at 1000 RPM （revolution per minute ）每分鐘1000轉(zhuǎn)at a high speed
高速

    The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 戰(zhàn)士們?cè)?br /> 日落時(shí)對(duì)敵人發(fā)起了攻擊。

    at daybreak 日出時(shí)The force at the core leading our cause forward
is the Chinese Communist Party. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們事業(yè)的核心力量是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨。

    The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一個(gè)原子核。

    At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was
very strict with us.這學(xué)期開(kāi)始，我們的班主任老師對(duì)我們要求非常嚴(yán)格。

    以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress
of the People's Republic of China.在中華人民共和國(guó)第一次全國(guó)人民代表大
會(huì)第一次會(huì)議上。

    常用的 at 短語(yǔ)有：

    at first首先，開(kāi)始時(shí)at least至少at all events 無(wú)論如何at home 在家，
無(wú)拘束at one stroke 一下子at a loss 不知怎辦at any rate 不管怎樣at length
詳細(xì)地be at high tide 處于高潮期at our invitation 應(yīng)我們的邀請(qǐng)at our request
應(yīng)我們的請(qǐng)求at the news 聽(tīng)到這消息at the risk of冒……危險(xiǎn)at a great expense
以巨大費(fèi)用at a stroke 一舉at intervals of 每隔at liberty有權(quán)，隨意at the
sight of一見(jiàn)到at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到at the
speed of以……速度at the cost （price ） of 以……為代價(jià)at leisure閑著、
失業(yè)at the disposal of任憑……使用at stake在危險(xiǎn)中、在成敗關(guān)頭at bottom
實(shí)際上、本質(zhì)上at short notice 一得到通知at seeing us看到我們at the happy
tidings 聽(tīng)到喜訊at sixteen在16歲時(shí)at the present stage在現(xiàn)階段at the weekend
周末at all times永遠(yuǎn)at 405 Victory Road 在勝利路405 號(hào)

    工具、同、和、隨 with ，具有，獨(dú)立、就、原因

    例：We write with ball pens.我們用油筆寫(xiě)字。（工具）

    但 He write in blue ink.他用藍(lán)水筆寫(xiě)字（墨水用 in 不用 with ）

    Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理論必須同實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。
（同）

    He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友們談話。（同）

    I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.我喜歡同朋友共同進(jìn)餐。

    We must co-operate closely with them. 我們必須同他們緊密合作。（同）

    We， as human beings are going to leave ， but friendship has taken
roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours.我們雖然就要走了，
但是友誼卻在我們之間扎了根，我們的心和你們的心是緊緊相連的。（和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必須和群眾打成一片。

    I'm with you. 我同意你。

    An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope. 原子太
小，即使用顯微鏡也看不見(jiàn)它。（工具）

    In the past I had to part with my wife. 舊社會(huì)我不得不和妻子離別。
（和）

    The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社會(huì)主
義革命日益深入。（隨著）

    They sail with the wind.他們順風(fēng)航行。（隨著）

    With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has
to be transformed too.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的改變，上層建筑也必須改變。（隨著）

    With the battle of Waterloo ， Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.
滑鐵盧一戰(zhàn)，拿破侖對(duì)歐洲的統(tǒng)治就完蛋了。

    The modern electron tube. 隨著電子管的發(fā)明而誕生了現(xiàn)代電子工業(yè)。

    She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in
a family way， = She is pregnant（in pregnancy）。她懷孕了。（有）

    但She is with a child.意為：“她領(lǐng)著一個(gè)孩子。”

    China is a very large country with a long history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠
久的大國(guó)。（具有）

    China is a country with a population of ten billion people. 中國(guó)是
一個(gè)有10億人口的國(guó)家。（具有）

    What is the matter with you ？怎么回事？（就，關(guān)于）

    How is it with you？你怎么啦？（就，關(guān)于）

    Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。（就…
…）

    It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.由于
聚集了大量的能，所以閃光非常強(qiáng)烈。（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    注；即分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用 with.

    With a new welding technique introduced ， the use of stainless steel
was no longer limited to making small things only.由于新的焊接技術(shù)的引
進(jìn)，不銹鋼的使用就不僅僅局限在微小的物件上了。（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed
very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.由于激光的
光束同步，所以它具有普通光所沒(méi)有的特殊性質(zhì)。（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change
from one state into another.沒(méi)有溫度或壓力的變化，物質(zhì)永遠(yuǎn)不能以一種狀
態(tài)變到另一種狀態(tài)。（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那個(gè)萬(wàn)惡的地主嚇得渾身發(fā)
抖。（原因）

    My wife's hands were rough with work. 我愛(ài)人因?yàn)槔细苫睿�手很租糙�?br /> （原因）。

    With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice
of America and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同學(xué)的錄音機(jī)，我每天收聽(tīng)美國(guó)之
音和B.B.C.（原因）

    With television ， we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen
sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因?yàn)橛辛穗娨暎?br /> 我們坐在家里就能看到各種節(jié)目，而不必去影院、戲院了。（原因）

    就……來(lái)說(shuō)賓譯主，對(duì)、有、方狀、表細(xì)分

    這里的 with 后邊的賓語(yǔ)常譯成主語(yǔ)。

    例：How are the things with you ？你情況怎樣？

    What's wrong with your eyes ？你的眼睛怎么啦？

    Something is wrong with my hands. 我手出點(diǎn)毛病。

    Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。

    Parents must be strict with their children. 父母對(duì)子女要嚴(yán)格。（對(duì)）

    The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位醫(yī)生對(duì)患者非常耐
心。（對(duì)）

    I'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我對(duì)你的回答很滿意。（對(duì)）

    Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated
areas.許多帶有革命傾向的知識(shí)分子都投奔解放區(qū)了。（有）

    These apartment houses are for workers with families. 這些住宅樓是
給有家屬的工人蓋的。

    He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他兩手交叉在胸前坐
在椅子上。（狀語(yǔ)）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)They are highly mechanized farms， with machinery
to do all the work. 它們是高度機(jī)械化的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，所有工作都由機(jī)器進(jìn)行。（狀
語(yǔ)）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)上兩句是 with 引出的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

    I will be with you again in half an hour. 過(guò)半個(gè)鐘頭我還會(huì)跟你們?cè)?br /> 一起的。（with的介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。另注意 in 將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) in 以后）

    Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four
during the cultural revolution. 我們是非常同情“文革”中被“四人幫”迫
害的青年學(xué)生的。（with的介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）。

    海、陸、空、車(chē)、偶、被 by ，單數(shù)人類 known to man

    例： by land（air ， sea， water， bus）陸路（航空，水陸，水路，乘
公共汽車(chē)）

    by micro bus坐小面包車(chē)（微型汽車(chē)）

    by mini bus 坐小面包車(chē)by train坐火車(chē)by trolley bus坐無(wú)軌電車(chē)by tram
坐有軌電車(chē)by bike 騎自行車(chē)by motor car騎摩托車(chē)by tube 坐地鐵by airbus
坐大型客機(jī)（空中汽車(chē)〕by jeep 坐吉普車(chē)by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，
無(wú)意中by virtue of靠、由于by leaps and bounds 大幅度地by way of 經(jīng)由by
the book按常規(guī)

    The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book. 偶然
的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以寫(xiě)一本很厚的書(shū)。（偶然）

    The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. 相對(duì)論是愛(ài)因斯坦
創(chuàng)立的。（被動(dòng)）

    The book was written by Mr. Zhang.這本書(shū)是張先生寫(xiě)的。（被動(dòng)）

    That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space
is known to man. 1969 年第一顆人造衛(wèi)星上了天是眾所周知的。

    這里用 to man 而不用 by.即當(dāng)單數(shù)又無(wú)冠詞的 man和 known搭配時(shí)，表示
人類不用 by.