同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)閱讀及翻譯專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 7

A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.

For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.

Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes”, although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.

Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.

A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.

1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can ______.

A. free countries from foreign rules B. speed up social progress

C. give people freedom D. liberate people from any exploitation

2. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.

A. get all the world's children to complete primary school

B. enroll all the world's children into primary school

C. give quality education to people of 88 countries

D. support those committed to transforming their education systems

3. ______ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.

A. 32 B. 59 C. 29 D. 88

4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?

A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.

B. Improving the quality of education.

C. Using information technologies.

D. Building more primary schools.

5. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid ______.

A. may not be highly effective

B. is provided only when some criteria are met

C. alone makes development possible

D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind

素質(zhì)教育是最根本的解放。它可以使人們擺脫貧困，賦予他們能力迅速改善他們的生活，從事社會(huì)中具有創(chuàng)造性的工作。它還可以使社會(huì)和國(guó)家解除負(fù)擔(dān)，使它們迅速跨入富裕與社會(huì)和睦的時(shí)期，而用別的方式是不可能達(dá)到這種效果的。

因此，國(guó)際社會(huì)承諾：到二○一五年時(shí)，將讓世界上的所有兒童都上小學(xué)，這就是著名的“教育面向所有人”的承諾。

到二○一五年時(shí)，“教育面向所有人”的目標(biāo)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)嗎？盡管這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，但回答肯定是“能夠”。如果我們現(xiàn)在根據(jù)孩子順利讀完最少五年的小學(xué)來(lái)評(píng)估該目標(biāo)，而不只是根據(jù)班級(jí)的注冊(cè)人數(shù)來(lái)評(píng)估該目標(biāo)——過(guò)去用于評(píng)估教育的方法，那么，這種挑戰(zhàn)就會(huì)更加艱難。以前，根據(jù)注冊(cè)率，只有三十二個(gè)國(guó)家被認(rèn)為面臨實(shí)現(xiàn)不了“教育面向所有人”目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果把畢業(yè)率當(dāng)作評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，那么這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)上升為八十八個(gè)。

盡管如此，只要政策合適，國(guó)際社會(huì)又給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑�助，該目�?biāo)還是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。如果八十八個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的國(guó)家使其教育體系的效率和質(zhì)量達(dá)到效率更高的體系所奉行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么，到二○一五年時(shí)，其中的五十九個(gè)國(guó)家就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“所有孩子都能夠小學(xué)畢業(yè)”的目標(biāo)。這些國(guó)家也需要國(guó)際社會(huì)給予資金和技術(shù)方面的大力援助。如果沒(méi)有空前的發(fā)展速度，二十九個(gè)最落后的國(guó)家將不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)。但是，如果有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，這個(gè)目標(biāo)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)——包括使用信息技術(shù)，國(guó)際社會(huì)靈活、目的明確的援助以及更少的生活貧困的人們。

有關(guān)“是什么使發(fā)展有效”的一個(gè)主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)就是：一個(gè)國(guó)家有效利用援助的能力主要取決于該國(guó)的政策、制度和管理�；�于這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在一個(gè)國(guó)家表現(xiàn)好的領(lǐng)域，國(guó)際社會(huì)的援助就可能非常有效。

參考答案 ： 1 ． B 2 ． A 3 ． D 4 ． D 5 ． A