1、It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques �！�

    譯文：它同樣適用于傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家和社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家，傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家（或前者）將歷史僅僅看作是對(duì)歷史材料來源的內(nèi)部的和外部的批評(píng)，社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家（或后者）把歷史 研究活動(dòng)等同于具體的研究方法。

    2、For example ， they do not compensate for gross social inequality ， and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

    譯文：例如，它們不能彌補(bǔ)巨大的社會(huì)不公，因此不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人會(huì)有多大才干，如果他在較好的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。

    3、There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .

    譯文：方法論是指一般的歷史研究中特有的概念，還是指歷史研究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究方法，人們對(duì)此意見不一�！�