2009年國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語第五章講義
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-06-15 17:04:13
一、Principles of Marine Cargo Insurance 海上貨物保險(xiǎn)的原則 (考試重點(diǎn))
1-1 課文: The marine cargo insurance is based on the principles of insurable interest, utmost good faith, and indemnity.
注釋:be based on: 基于 principle: 原則 insurable interest: 保險(xiǎn)利益(interest: 一般意義是“興趣,愛好”,在這里是“利益,權(quán)益”之意,在銀行業(yè)務(wù)中我們常用“利息”這個(gè)詞意) utmost good faith: 最大(高)誠(chéng)信(utmost: 最大的,最高的;faith: 信任,信用,good faith: 真誠(chéng),善意) indemnity: 賠償,補(bǔ)償
這句話的大致意思是:海上貨物保險(xiǎn)是基于保險(xiǎn)利益的原則, 最大誠(chéng)信原則和賠償原則
1-2 課文:No contract of marine insurance is valid unless the assured has an insurable interest in the subject matter insured at the time of loss.
注釋:(the)assured: 確定的,保證的(在這里引申為“被保險(xiǎn)人”)subject matter insured: 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的 at the time of : 在...時(shí)候
這句話的大致意思是:只有在被保險(xiǎn)人的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的有損失時(shí),海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)合同才會(huì)生效。
1-3 課文:Cargo Insurance is a contract of indemnity, that is, to compensate for the loss of damage in terms of the value of the insured goods.
注釋:that is:即,就是,換句話說 compensate: 賠償,補(bǔ)償 in terms of : 按照,根據(jù),在...方面 value: 價(jià)值
這句話大致的意思是:貨物保險(xiǎn)是一種補(bǔ)償合同,即按照被保險(xiǎn)貨物的價(jià)值對(duì)它的損失進(jìn)行賠償。
1-4 課文:The amount insured as agreed between the insurer and the assured forms the basis of indemnity.
注釋:amount insured: 保險(xiǎn)金額(amount: 總數(shù),總額) agreed: 經(jīng)過協(xié)商的,同意的 ( the ) insurer: 保險(xiǎn)人(= underwriter) form: 在這里為動(dòng)詞“構(gòu)成,形成” basis: 基礎(chǔ)
這句話大致意思是:保險(xiǎn)人和被保險(xiǎn)人之間協(xié)商的保險(xiǎn)金額構(gòu)成了賠償金的基本金額。
1-5 課文:The principle of utmost good faith is indispensable in any insurance contract.
注釋:indispensable: 不可缺少的,絕對(duì)必要的(dispensable: 不重要的,可省的,“in-”前綴表否定或者相反意思)
這句話大致意思:在任何保險(xiǎn)合同中,最大誠(chéng)信原則是不可缺少的。
1-6 課文:A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith, and, if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party.
注釋:based upon: = based on 根據(jù),以...為基礎(chǔ) observe:遵守,奉行 either: 任一的(兩方中的每一方) party: 條約的當(dāng)事人,一方 avoid: 避免,撤銷,使無效
這句話的意思是:海上保險(xiǎn)合同是建立在最大誠(chéng)信基礎(chǔ)之上的合同,如果合同任何一方不遵守最大誠(chéng)信,另一方可以使合同無效。
二、Insurance Premium 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) (考試重點(diǎn))
2-1 課文:The premium is the consideration which the insurers receive from the assured in exchange for their undertaking to pay the sum insured in the event insured against. (這句話是保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的定義,需要了解)
注釋:premium: 費(fèi)用(保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))consideration: 體諒,考慮,報(bào)酬(在這里引申為“對(duì)價(jià)”) insurer: 保險(xiǎn)人,保險(xiǎn)公司 the assured: 被保險(xiǎn)人 in exchange for: 交換 undertaking: 擔(dān)保,保證 sum: 金額,款項(xiàng) (sum insured: 保險(xiǎn)金額,投保金額) event: 事件
這句話大致意思是:保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)是指保險(xiǎn)人向被保險(xiǎn)人收取的,作為保險(xiǎn)人保證支付承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的損失的對(duì)價(jià)。
2-2 課文:The general guiding rate of the insurance premium is 1% of the amount insured.
注釋:general: 普通的,通常的 guiding: 導(dǎo)向,指導(dǎo) rate: 比率 (rate of the insurance premium: 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率) amount insured: 保險(xiǎn)金額(= sum insured )
這句話的意思是:保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)通常的指導(dǎo)費(fèi)率是保險(xiǎn)金額的1%。(比如說,保險(xiǎn)金額是100元,那么就收取1元的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))
2-3 課文:The premium rates may vary, for example, from 0.5% to 2.5% or more or less depending on factors such as: type of goods, the country and distance of destination, value of the goods, mode of transportation, the type of risks covered, container or bulk shipment and type o f packing.
注釋:vary: 改變,變換(后面常跟from... to ..., vary from... to ...: 從...到...不等,在...之間變換);for example: 例如(這個(gè)短語在這里是插入語) more or less: 或多或少 depend on: 依靠,依賴(在這里我們可以引申為“取決于”) factor: 因素,要素 such as: 例如,像這樣的 type: 類型,樣式,風(fēng)格 distance: 距離 value of goods: 貨物的價(jià)值 container: 集裝箱 bulk shipment: 整批裝運(yùn)
這句話大致是說出了通常的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率外,由于不同的情況,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率也會(huì)不同。具體意思就是:保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率也會(huì)變化,例如在0.5% 到2.5%不等或多或少,這都要取決于各種因素,比如:貨物的類型,國(guó)別和目的地的距離,貨物的價(jià)值,運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞剑侗oL(fēng)險(xiǎn)的種類,是否用集裝箱或者整批裝運(yùn)以及包裝的類型。
2-4 課文:The minimum amount insured should be the CIF or the CIP value of the goods plus 10%.
注釋:minimum: 最小的,最低的 plus: 加上,加,和
這句話的意思是:最低投保金額應(yīng)該是貨物的CIF 或者CIP價(jià)格再加10%。
三、Insurance Policy 保險(xiǎn)單(考試重點(diǎn))
3-1 課文:Insurance policy is an evidence of insurance contract issued by the insurer or underwriter to the assured. It stipulates each party’s rights and responsibilities.(這句話是保險(xiǎn)單的定義,需要了解)
注釋:insurance policy: 保險(xiǎn)單 evidence: 證據(jù),憑證 issue: 簽發(fā) underwriter: 保險(xiǎn)人;保險(xiǎn)商(=insurer) stipulate: 規(guī)定 party: 一方(簽約的一方)rights and responsibilities: 權(quán)利和責(zé)任
這句話的意思是:保險(xiǎn)單是由保險(xiǎn)人或者保險(xiǎn)商簽發(fā)給被保險(xiǎn)人的保險(xiǎn)合同憑證,規(guī)定了合同每一方的權(quán)利和責(zé)任。
3-2 課文: The format of insurance policy forms varies from insurer to insurer.
注釋:format: 版式,格式
這句話的大致意思是:保險(xiǎn)單的格式也因保險(xiǎn)人(或保險(xiǎn)公司)的不同而不一樣。
3-3 課文:Insurance policy or certificate, and endorsement are the main ones used in daily business.
注釋:insurance policy or certificate: 保險(xiǎn)單或保險(xiǎn)憑證 endorsement: 背書,認(rèn)可(在這里是為“批單”的意思,是在保險(xiǎn)單出立后,雙方當(dāng)事人同意對(duì)保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)容進(jìn)行增刪而由保險(xiǎn)人出具的一種憑證。)
這句話大致的意思是:保險(xiǎn)單或保險(xiǎn)憑證,以及批單是日常業(yè)務(wù)中主要使用的一組單據(jù)。
3-4 課文:The policy must be issued and signed by an insurance company or its agent.
注釋:signed:簽署
意思是:保險(xiǎn)單必須是由保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理人簽發(fā)和簽署的。
3-5 課文:If more than one original is issued and is so indicated in the policy, all the originals must be presented to the bank, unless otherwise authorized in the letter of credit.
注釋:more than one: 不止一個(gè),很多 original: 正本 indicate: 顯示,表明 otherwise: 否則,另外 (unless otherwise: 除非另有)authorize: 批準(zhǔn),授權(quán)
這句話大致的意思是:如果簽發(fā)了不止一個(gè)正本并且在保險(xiǎn)單上也是這么表明的,除非信用證中另有規(guī)定,所有的正本都必須呈給銀行.
四、Type of Basic Coverage 基本險(xiǎn)別的幾種類型 (考試重點(diǎn))
PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clause ( 中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款 ) 中的三種基本險(xiǎn)別:FPA (平安險(xiǎn))、WA/WPA (水漬險(xiǎn))、All Risks (一切險(xiǎn)),下面是這三種險(xiǎn)別的具體內(nèi)容:
4-1 Free from Particular Average (FPA) 平安險(xiǎn)
平安險(xiǎn)的英文意思是:?jiǎn)为?dú)海損不陪,它是責(zé)任范圍最小的一個(gè)險(xiǎn)別(particular average: 單獨(dú)海損;free from: 解除,沒有...的)
平安險(xiǎn)的承保范圍:
1.The risks covered in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as heavy weather, lighting, tsunami, earthquake and flood.
平安險(xiǎn)承包的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍指由自然災(zāi)害,比如惡劣的氣候;雷電;海嘯,地震和洪水造成的整批貨物的全部損失或者推定全損(但不包括部分損失),這種情況下可以從保險(xiǎn)商那里獲得賠償。
注釋:basically: 基本上,主要地 total: 全部的,整個(gè)的 constructive total loss: 推定全損 (constructive: 推定的,解釋性的,推定全損是指保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后,認(rèn)為實(shí)際全損已不可避免,或者為避免發(fā)生實(shí)際全損所需支付的費(fèi)用超過保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的,為推定全損。)
consignment:所托運(yùn)的貨物,交付,委托 cargo: 貨物 partial loss: 部分損失 recoverable: 可重獲的 result from: 由...產(chǎn)生 natural calamities: 自然災(zāi)害 heavy weather: 惡劣氣候(heavy: 原意為“重的,沉重的”,在這里我們引申為“惡劣的”) lighting: 閃電 tsunami: 海嘯 earthquake: 地震 flood: 洪水;水災(zāi)
平安險(xiǎn)承包的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍指由自然災(zāi)害,比如惡劣的氣候;雷電;海嘯,地震和洪水造成的整批貨物的全部損失或者推定全損(而不是部分損失)
2.Total loss or partial loss is recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties, e.g., collision, stranding, sinking of the vessel. 由特殊災(zāi)難,比如船只的互撞、擱淺、沉沒等引起的全部損失或部分損失
注釋:incur: 招致,招到 as a result of: 作為…的結(jié)果 specific: 特殊的,特定的 casualty: 嚴(yán)重的意外,事故,災(zāi)難 collision: 碰撞,沖突 stranding: 擱淺 sinking: 沉沒
3. FPA also covers general average and salvage charges, reasonable costs incurred by the assured in salvaging the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy.
平安險(xiǎn)還負(fù)責(zé)共同海損和被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)的貨物采取搶救、防止或減少貨損的措施而支付的合理費(fèi)用
注釋:general average: 共同海損 salvage charge: (海上)救助費(fèi)用 reasonable: 合理的(reasonable costs: 合理費(fèi)用) the assured: 被保險(xiǎn)人 averting: 避免,防止 minimizing: 是minimize的名詞形式,意為“減到最小;減少”。
4-2 With particular Average ( WA/WPA) 水漬險(xiǎn)
水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍除平安險(xiǎn)的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任外,還負(fù)責(zé)被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。
水漬險(xiǎn)的承保范圍:
WA/WPA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities.
水漬險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)除了平安險(xiǎn)以外的包括自然災(zāi)害引起的部分損失和損害
注釋:provide: 提供;供應(yīng) lager: 更大的(lager than:比...更大的)
4-3 All Risks 一切險(xiǎn)
一切險(xiǎn)是最高險(xiǎn)別,責(zé)任范圍最廣,一切險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一般附加險(xiǎn)的總和。
一切險(xiǎn)的介紹:
1.All Risks is the most widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better coverage than WA/WPA type. 一切險(xiǎn)在普通貨物運(yùn)輸中最廣泛使用的一個(gè)險(xiǎn)別,因?yàn)樗某邪秶鼉?yōu)于水漬險(xiǎn)…
注釋:widely: 廣泛地,普遍地 general cargo: 普通貨物,一般貨物 better than: 更好的,比...更好
2.Aside from the risks covered under WA/WPA type, it also provides insurance against all risks of loss of or damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of transit. 一切險(xiǎn)除了平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任外,還包括(保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的)在運(yùn)輸途中由于外來原因所造成的所有損失(包括全部損失和部分損失)。
注釋:aside from: 除了…以外 arise from: 起于,由…出身 external cause: 外部因素 transit: 運(yùn)輸,搬運(yùn)
3.The All Risks does not cover risks of war, strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery, import duty, on deck, rejection, aflatoxin etc. 一切險(xiǎn)不包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn),罷工險(xiǎn)和其它附加的特殊險(xiǎn)別,比如交貨不到險(xiǎn),進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn),艙面險(xiǎn),拒收險(xiǎn),黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)等等。
注釋:strike: 罷工 additional: 附加的,額外的 failure to delivery: 交貨不到險(xiǎn) (on) deck: 甲板,艙面 rejection: 拒收 aflatoxin: 黃曲霉素
4. The general additional risks such as theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks, fresh water and/or rain damage risks, shortage risks, intermixture and contamination risks, leakage risks, clash and breakage risks, taint of odour risks, sweat and heating risks, hook damage risks, breakage of packing risks and rust risks are covered in All Risks coverage. 一切險(xiǎn)包含一般附加險(xiǎn),比如說偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn),淡水雨淋險(xiǎn),短量險(xiǎn),混雜、玷污險(xiǎn),滲漏險(xiǎn),碰損破碎險(xiǎn),串味險(xiǎn),受潮受熱險(xiǎn),鉤損險(xiǎn),包裝破損險(xiǎn),銹損險(xiǎn)。
注釋:general additional risk: 一般附加險(xiǎn) theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks: 偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn) fresh water and/or rain damage risks:淡水、雨淋險(xiǎn) shortage risks:短量險(xiǎn) intermixture and contamination risks:混雜、玷污險(xiǎn) leakage risks:滲漏險(xiǎn) clash and breakage risks:碰損、破碎險(xiǎn) taint of odour risks:串味險(xiǎn) sweat and heating risks:受潮受熱險(xiǎn) hook damage risks:掛鉤險(xiǎn) breakage of packing risks:包裝破裂險(xiǎn) rust risks:銹損險(xiǎn).
五、Institute Cargo Clause 協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款(考試重點(diǎn))
《協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款》最早制定于1912年,英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)在對(duì)舊的貨物保險(xiǎn)條款進(jìn)行修訂的基礎(chǔ)上,于1982年1月1日推出“協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)ABC條款”,取代了舊的平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一切險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)還推出的還有協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)、協(xié)會(huì)罷工險(xiǎn)和惡意損害險(xiǎn)。并于1983年4月1日起正式實(shí)行。同時(shí),新的保險(xiǎn)單格式代替原來的S.G..標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保險(xiǎn)單格式,也自同日起使用。
5-1 課文:In January 1982, Lloyd’s and the marine insurance companies issued new cargo clauses.
注釋:Lloyd’s: 英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)人協(xié)會(huì) marine insurance company: 海上保險(xiǎn)公司 issue: 頒布 cargo clause: 貨物(保險(xiǎn))條款
這句話是介紹新的協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款的頒布時(shí)間和頒布的組織:1982年1月,英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)人協(xié)會(huì)和海上保險(xiǎn)公司頒布了新的貨物保險(xiǎn)條款。
5-2 課文:The main coverage providing against risks to cargo are on the basis of Institute Cargo Clauses A, B and C.
注釋:coverage: (保險(xiǎn))險(xiǎn)別,(承保)范圍 provide against: 預(yù)防 on the basis of: 以...為基礎(chǔ)
這句話的意思是:新條款的主要險(xiǎn)別是在舊的協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款A(yù), B 和 C基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)貨物的投保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了修訂。
5-3 Institute Cargo Clause C (簡(jiǎn)稱ICC(C) )的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍:
課文:Institute Cargo Clause C is the most restricted coverage and subject to the listed exclusions, covers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured caused by 1) fire or explosions; 2) stranding, grounding, sinking or capsizing; 3) overturning or derailment of land conveyance; collision or contact of vessel, 4) craft or conveyance with any external object other than water; 5)discharge of cargo at port of distress; 6)general average sacrifice; 7)jettison.
注釋:restricted: 受限制的,有限的,范圍窄的 subject to: 使服從,使遭受 (在這里我們引申為“遵循、采用”) listed: 列明的 exclusions: 不包含的項(xiàng)目 (免責(zé)的項(xiàng)目) fire: 火災(zāi)explosion: 爆炸 grounding: 坐淺 capsizing: (船、車的)傾覆 overturning: 翻船 derailment: (火車的)出軌 land conveyance : 陸運(yùn)(conveyance: 運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)輸工具) collision: (車、船的)碰撞、互撞 contact: 接觸,聯(lián)系(在這里是指“(船的)碰觸”craft:船舶、飛機(jī) external object: 外界物體 other than: 除了,不同于 discharge:卸下(船上的貨物) distress: 危難,遇難(port of distress: 避難港) general average sacrifice: 共同海損犧牲 (average: 海損 sacrifice: 犧牲) jettison: 拋貨;(船或飛機(jī)遇難時(shí))向外投棄(貨物等)
ICC(C)險(xiǎn)是承保范圍最小的一個(gè)險(xiǎn)別,并且采用列明風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式,它負(fù)責(zé)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物因以下原因的滅失或損壞:1)火災(zāi)或爆炸;
2)船舶或駁船擱淺、坐淺觸礁、沉沒或傾覆;
3)陸上運(yùn)輸工具傾覆或出軌;
4)船舶、駁船或運(yùn)輸工具與水以外的任何外界物體碰撞;
5)在避難港卸貨;
6) 共同海損犧牲;
7) 拋貨。
5-4 ICC(B) 的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍
課文:Institute Cargo Clause B is wider and apart from the risks covered under ICC(C), it also covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by 1) earthquake, volcanic eruption or lighting; 2) water damage by entry of sea/ river water; 3) total loss of package dropped during loading and unloading.
注釋:wider: (更)寬的,(更)廣闊的 apart from::除了...之外 volcanic eruption: 火山爆發(fā)( volcanic: 火山 eruption: 爆發(fā)(尤指火山爆發(fā)) drop: 落下
ICC(B) 的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍,除了包括ICC(C)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)下的范圍,還包括:
1) 地震、火山爆發(fā)、雷電所引起的貨物的損壞和滅失
2) 海水或者河水進(jìn)入船舶、駁船、運(yùn)輸工具所造成的損失
3) 貨物在裝卸時(shí)落;蛩ぢ湓斐烧娜珦p。
5-5 ICC(A) 險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)容
課文:Institute Cargo Clause A is the widest of all three and is generally summed up as : All Risks” of loss of or damage to the insured cargo with certain specified exceptions.
注釋:widest: (最)寬的,(最)廣的 sum up: 概括,總結(jié) certain: 確定的,無疑的,某一個(gè) specified: 指定,詳細(xì)說明 exception: 例外,除外
這句話大致意思就是說:ICC(A) 險(xiǎn)是三個(gè)險(xiǎn)別中承保范圍最廣的一個(gè),總的來說相當(dāng)于“一切險(xiǎn)(All Risks)承保某些特殊險(xiǎn)別引起的貨物的損失和損壞,由此可見,I.C.C.(A)險(xiǎn)承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類似我國(guó)的一切險(xiǎn)(All Risks),I.C.C.(B)險(xiǎn)類似我國(guó)的水漬險(xiǎn)(WA/WPA),I.C.C.(C)險(xiǎn)則類似我國(guó)的平安險(xiǎn)(FPA),但比平安險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍要小。
本節(jié)主要考試對(duì)各個(gè)保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別承保范圍以及其除外責(zé)任。