2009年國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語(yǔ)第六章講義
來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-06-15 17:05:08
一、Transport Geography 運(yùn)輸?shù)乩?
1-1課文：An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes.
注釋?zhuān)篵e familiar with: 熟悉... trade routes: 貿(mào)易線路
課文意思：國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理應(yīng)熟悉國(guó)際貿(mào)易線路。
1-2 課文：He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, trans-shipment points and inland centers.
注釋?zhuān)簁nowledge: 知識(shí) (have knowledge of: 具備...知識(shí)，可以引申為“了解，熟悉” traffic routes: 運(yùn)輸線路 location: 位置 trans-shipment points: 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)地 inland centers: 內(nèi)陸中心
課文大致意思：他(她)應(yīng)該熟悉主要的交通線路，港口的位置，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)地和內(nèi)陸中心。
1-3 課文：A freight forwarder should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends.
注釋?zhuān)篿dea: 概念，注意，明白 pattern: 型式，模式 trend: 走向，方向，趨勢(shì)，傾向
課文意思: 一個(gè)貨運(yùn)代理人還應(yīng)該對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的模式和其改變的趨勢(shì)有一個(gè)整體的概念。
二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類(lèi)型的海上運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (考試重點(diǎn))
2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋?zhuān)簄amely: 即，就是，換句話說(shuō)(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人 tramp service: 不定期船運(yùn)輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思：國(guó)際海上運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)提供了四種類(lèi)型的服務(wù)，即班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人和不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸
2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)
注釋?zhuān)簊hipping conference:班輪公會(huì) group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表，運(yùn)費(fèi)表(我們最常用的詞義是“關(guān)稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 掛靠港，停靠港
課文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事?tīng)I(yíng)運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的掛靠港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋?zhuān)簆urpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) member lines: 會(huì)員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng) capture:獲得，爭(zhēng)取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買(mǎi)賣(mài)，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠(chéng)，忠實(shí)(loyalty agreement: 忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
課文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭(zhēng)取大量貨源，以減少外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
2-2.3
對(duì)于托運(yùn)人來(lái)說(shuō)班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)(兩點(diǎn))：
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)娜秉c(diǎn)(三點(diǎn))：
1. Rates are usually high. 費(fèi)率一般很高
2. Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費(fèi)率不會(huì)像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動(dòng)。(fluctuate:變化，變動(dòng);supply and demand:供求)
3. Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序，手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)
2-3 Non-conference lines 非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸
2-3.1 課文：In recent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system.
注釋?zhuān)篿n recent years: 近幾年 along: 沿著 pose a challenge to: 對(duì)...提出挑戰(zhàn)
課文意思：近幾年，出現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)國(guó)際航線上的非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，對(duì)班輪公會(huì)提出了挑戰(zhàn)。
2-3.2 課文：This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers.
注釋?zhuān)篴ttributable: 可歸于...的(be attributable to: 可歸因于) containerization: 集裝箱運(yùn)輸，貨柜運(yùn)輸 emergence: 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 independent carriers: 獨(dú)立承運(yùn)人
課文意思：這是由于集裝箱運(yùn)輸和許多獨(dú)立承運(yùn)人的出現(xiàn)。
2-3.3 課文：As a result, along some routes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regard to rates, and terms and condition of service.
注釋?zhuān)篴s a result: 結(jié)果 be forced to: 被迫去做... come to terms: 達(dá)成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)，讓步 in regard to: 關(guān)于(=regarding, with regard to) terms: 價(jià)錢(qián)，費(fèi)用 condition: 條件。
課文意思：結(jié)果航運(yùn)公會(huì)被迫在運(yùn)價(jià)、運(yùn)輸條件上和非班輪公會(huì)公司達(dá)成協(xié)議。
2-4 Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) 無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人
2-4.1 課文：An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. (無(wú)船承運(yùn)人的定義，了解一下)
注釋?zhuān)簅perate: 營(yíng)運(yùn) vessel: 船舶 sea transportation: 海上運(yùn)輸
課文意思：無(wú)船承運(yùn)人是從事定期營(yíng)運(yùn)的承運(yùn)人，但并不擁有或經(jīng)營(yíng)海上運(yùn)輸所需的船舶。
2-4.2 課文：Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.
注釋?zhuān)篿n relationship with: 與...的關(guān)系
課文意思：盡管無(wú)船承運(yùn)人相對(duì)于實(shí)際托運(yùn)人是承運(yùn)人，而相對(duì)于實(shí)際承運(yùn)人是托運(yùn)人。
2-4.3課文：He assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions.
注釋?zhuān)篴ssume: 擔(dān)任，承擔(dān)(assume a role of: 擔(dān)任...角色)principal: 主要的，最重要的，負(fù)責(zé)人(在這里是指“委托人”) function: 職責(zé)，功能，作用，效力
課文意思：(無(wú)船承運(yùn)人)擔(dān)任負(fù)責(zé)人的角色并履行一些職責(zé)
2-4.4 課文：He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers, both conference and non-conference lines.
注釋?zhuān)篴ssume responsibility: 負(fù)責(zé)，承擔(dān)責(zé)任ocean carrier: 海上承運(yùn)人
課文意思：(無(wú)船承運(yùn)人)對(duì)海上承運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)，包括班輪運(yùn)輸和非班輪運(yùn)輸。
2-4.5 課文：He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small shippers who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates.
注釋?zhuān)簉ender: 給與 groupage or consolidation services: 拼箱或集運(yùn)服務(wù)( groupage: 拼箱，拼裝(小批量)貨物consolidation: 拼箱，集運(yùn)貨物) bargaining: 討價(jià)還價(jià) negotiating rate: 談判價(jià)
課文意思：(無(wú)船承運(yùn)人)通過(guò)提供拼箱或集運(yùn)服務(wù)給予托運(yùn)人有效的服務(wù)，特別是對(duì)那些在談判價(jià)格中沒(méi)有多少討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的小的托運(yùn)人。
2-5 Tramp service 不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-5.1 課文：Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand. (不定期船的定義，了解一下)
注釋?zhuān)篴ccording to ：根據(jù)，按照
課文意思：不定期船運(yùn)輸沒(méi)有固定的路線或者船期表，根據(jù)供求情況在任何線路上營(yíng)運(yùn)。
2-5.2 課文：Tramp vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.
注釋?zhuān)篶harter: 租賃，包租
課文意思：通常是在談判價(jià)格下租賃不定期船船舶，特別是當(dāng)貨物的數(shù)量很大的時(shí)候。
三、Shipping documents 貨運(yùn)單證 (考試重點(diǎn))
3-1 課文：The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifests, shipping notes, delivery orders and mate’s receipts.
注釋?zhuān)篵ills of lading: 提單 sea waybills: 海運(yùn)單 manifests: 艙單 shipping notes: 托運(yùn)單 delivery orders: 提貨單 mate’s receipts: 大副收據(jù)
課文意思：海上貨物運(yùn)輸常用的單證包括提單、海運(yùn)單、艙單、托運(yùn)單、提貨單和大副收據(jù)。
3-2 bill of lading 提單
3-2.1 課文：The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier. However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage.
注釋?zhuān)篹vidence of contract of carriage：海上運(yùn)輸合同的證明
課文意思：提單本身不是運(yùn)輸合同，因?yàn)樗皇怯沙羞\(yùn)人簽署的，但是它是海上運(yùn)輸合同的證明。
3-2.2 課文：It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier.
注釋?zhuān)簊erve as: 作為 receipt: 收據(jù)
課文意思：提單是貨物交付給承運(yùn)人的收據(jù)。
3-2.3 課文：Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.
注釋?zhuān)篵esides: 另外 document of title: 物權(quán)憑證 endorsement: 背書(shū)
課文意思：另外，提單可作為物權(quán)憑證，使提單通過(guò)背書(shū)，將貨物的所有權(quán)從托運(yùn)人轉(zhuǎn)移到收貨人或者其他方手中。
3-3 Sea waybill 海運(yùn)單
3-3.1 課文：A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading.
注釋: replacement: 代替，替換 traditional: 傳統(tǒng)的
課文意思：海運(yùn)單替代了傳統(tǒng)的海洋提單。
3-3.2 課文：The waybill is a non-negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed, upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the waybill.
注釋?zhuān)簄on-negotiable: 不可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，不流通的 make out: 書(shū)寫(xiě)，填寫(xiě)(=fill out) named: 指定的 allowed:承認(rèn)的，允許的 proper: 正確的，適當(dāng)?shù)?identification: 證明 claim: 要求，主張
課文意思：海運(yùn)單是一種不可流通的單證，且填寫(xiě)了經(jīng)承認(rèn)的指定收貨人，在提供了貨物身份證明后，無(wú)須出示提單即可提貨。
3-3 Cargo manifest 貨物艙單
3-3.1 課文：A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board.
注釋?zhuān)簉egarding: 關(guān)于 on board: 在船上，已裝船
課文意思：貨物艙單提供已裝船貨物的信息。
3-3.2 課文：A freight manifest gives information regarding freight rates, surcharges, rebates, etc.
注釋?zhuān)篺reight rate: 運(yùn)費(fèi) surcharge: 附加費(fèi) rebate: 折扣，回扣
貨物艙單提供了運(yùn)費(fèi)，附加費(fèi)，折扣等的信息。
3-3.3 課文：The manifest is prepared by the carrier’s agent but the freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities.
注釋?zhuān)篽andle: 處理，控制 deal with: 安排，處理 port authorities: 港務(wù)局
課文意思：貨物艙單是由承運(yùn)人代理準(zhǔn)備的，但是貨運(yùn)代理人必須持有貨物艙單與海關(guān)和港務(wù)局(辦理貨物進(jìn)出口)。
3-4 Shipping note 托運(yùn)單
3-4.1 課文：A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.
注釋?zhuān)簉equest: 要求，請(qǐng)求 allocation: 分配，配置 shipping space: 艙位
課文意思：托運(yùn)單是托運(yùn)人簽發(fā)給承運(yùn)人要求分配艙位的單證。
3-4.2 課文：It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading.
注釋?zhuān)篶ommitment: 承諾，委托 preparation: 準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備
課文意思：托運(yùn)單是托運(yùn)人委托運(yùn)輸貨物，作為準(zhǔn)備提單的基礎(chǔ)。
3-5 Delivery order 提貨單
課文：A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo (import cargo) from the vessel.
課文意思：提貨單是由承運(yùn)人或其代理簽發(fā)給收貨人或其代理，使后者能夠從船上提貨。
3-6 Mate’s receipts 大副收據(jù)
課文：A mate’s receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement of the goods received on board (export cargo) which is subsequently exchange for the bill of lading.
注釋?zhuān)篿n the acknowledgement of: 承認(rèn)... subsequently: 后來(lái)，隨后 exchange for: 交換，換取
課文意思：大副收據(jù)是由承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)，是對(duì)貨物裝船的確認(rèn)，以后可用大副收據(jù)換取提單。
四、歷年考試分析
1.( )is subsequently exchanged for the marine bill of lading. ( ) – 2004年單選
A. Booking note
B. Delivery order
C. Mate’s receipt
D. Cargo manifest
答案：C
分析：參考書(shū)中大副收據(jù)的內(nèi)容，這句話是書(shū)中的原話。大幅收據(jù)以后可用來(lái)?yè)Q取提單。
2.The booking note is issued by the ( ) requesting allocation of shipping space. -2005年單選
A. carrier to the agent
B. carrier to the shipper
C. shipper to the carrier
D. carrier to the consignee
答案：C
分析：參考書(shū)中托運(yùn)單的內(nèi)容(shipping note), 托運(yùn)單是由托運(yùn)人簽發(fā)給承運(yùn)人要求分配艙位的單據(jù)。
3.Normally the marine bill of lading has three functions, namely ( ).2004年多選題。
A. evidence of the contract of carriage
B. a receipt of goods
C. a document of title to the goods
D. the contract of carriage
答案：ABC
分析：提單的三大功用是：海上貨物合同的運(yùn)輸證明;貨物交付給承運(yùn)人的收據(jù);物權(quán)憑證
4.Mate’s receipt is issued by the forwarder to the shipper. ( ) – 2004年判斷題
答案：錯(cuò)
分析：大副收據(jù)是由承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)的，而不是由貨運(yùn)代理人簽發(fā)的。
5. A booking note is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading. ( ) -2006年判斷題
答案：對(duì)
分析：托運(yùn)單是由托運(yùn)人根據(jù)買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同和信用證的有關(guān)內(nèi)容向承運(yùn)人或他的代理人辦理貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)臅?shū)面憑證。經(jīng)承運(yùn)人或其代理人對(duì)該單的確認(rèn)，即表示已接受這一委托，承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人之間對(duì)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)南嗷リP(guān)系即告建立。托運(yùn)單是提單制作的基礎(chǔ)。這道題也是課文中的原話。
五、課后習(xí)題
5-1、單選題
1. An NVOCC probably provides ( )
A. tramp service
B. consolidation service
C. a vessel operated by itself
D. flight service
答案：B.
2. The cargo manifest is prepared by ( )
A. shipper
B. carrier’s agent
C. consignee
D. freight forwarder
答案：B
3. Which of the following documents can be used to exchange for the bill of lading ( )
A. cargo manifest
B. shipping note
C. delivery order
D. mate’s receipt
答案：D
4. Non-conference lines have no ( )
A. fixed itinerary
B. common tariff
C. regular service
D. vessel of theirs
答案：B
5-2 多選題
1.Conference lines have ( )
A. fixed itinerary
B. common tariff
C. regular service
D. stable freight rates
答案：ABCD
2.Tramp service have no ( )
A. fixed itinerary
B. common route
C. negotiated rate
D. regular service
答案：ABC
3.Sea waybill is ( )
A. a non-negotiable document
B. negotiable documents
C. named consignee
D. issued by shipper
答案：AC
