高二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：Body language
世界上60%以上的信件是用英語(yǔ)書(shū)寫的，上兩個(gè)世紀(jì)英國(guó)和美國(guó)在文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、政治和科學(xué)上的領(lǐng)先地位使得英語(yǔ)成為一種準(zhǔn)國(guó)際語(yǔ)言。育路小編準(zhǔn)備了高二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望你喜歡。
1. represent vt .象征;代表，表現(xiàn)，描繪，體現(xiàn)
【單詞家族】representation n. 代表,代表權(quán);代理人representive adj. 典型的,代表性的 n.典型,代表,代理人
1) represent to…向…表示;交涉
represent….as….把…描繪成
represent oneself as/ to be ….自稱是…/聲言…
represent sth to sb. 向某人說(shuō)明某事
2)make representations to….與…交涉;向…提出抗議
辨析：represent;stand for;on behalf of
1) represent用來(lái)表示代表某人/某個(gè)團(tuán)體/政府等，某種標(biāo)志代表什么，某物表現(xiàn)的是什么或把某物描繪成什么。represent 表示形式上“代表”，實(shí)際上只起象征意義時(shí)可與stand for互換， represent也可表示實(shí)際“代表”某人或某組織參加某活動(dòng)。
2) on behalf of 只能用作狀語(yǔ)，表示“代表或代替某人做某事”。
3)stand for 常用來(lái)表示(字母、數(shù)字、符號(hào))代表或象征什么。
2.curious adj好奇的,奇特的;稀奇古怪的,難以理解的
【單詞家族】curiosity n. 好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品
1) be curious to do sth 極想做某事
be curious about stn對(duì)…感到好奇
be curious + that 從句 …很反常
2) out of curiosity. 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity. 滿足某人好奇心
with curiosity= curiously 好奇地
辨析：curious; eager; anxious; worried
1) curious 對(duì)…好奇。
2)anxious著重“擔(dān)心;焦急”;而eager表“期待”、“急于”或“進(jìn)取的熱情”。eager 和anxious 都有“渴望的，急于”的意思，但略有不同，anxious著重指焦急、著急、擔(dān)心的心情，eager著重指對(duì)成功的期望或進(jìn)取的熱情。
但兩者有時(shí)都可譯作“急于”。習(xí)慣搭配：be anxious about“擔(dān)心”， be eager for“渴望”。
3)worried作“擔(dān)憂”時(shí)，與anxious基本相同。常用：be worried about…為…發(fā)愁/著急。
【直擊高考】1.Don't be too ____ about things you are not supposed to know. (NMET/上海/1998)
A.strange B.amusing C.curious D.conscious
2. about wild plants that they decided to make a trip toMadagascarfor further research.( 05江蘇)
A.So curious the couple was?
B.So curious were the couple?
C.How curious the couple were?
D.The couple was such curious
3. People have always been about exactly how life on earth began
A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful
4. —Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son’s curious about those roses you grow.
5. approach接近,靠近;走近n.接近;方法;途徑
at the approach of…在…快到的時(shí)候
an approach to 接近;…的方法/途徑/態(tài)度
approach sth./ sb. 靠近;接近某物/人
make an approache to sb. 接近某人
an approach to the grammar 一本語(yǔ)法入門的書(shū)
all the approaches to a place 通往某地的所有途徑
辨析：approach;way; means; method
四者都有“方式;方法;途徑”之意，但approach側(cè)重于接人待物或思考問(wèn)題的方式;way為一般用語(yǔ);means指可以得到結(jié)果的方法;method指有規(guī)律的、有條理的做法。
【思維拓展】1) 表示“做…的方法”常用固定搭配：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do s th./ of (doing)sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth
2) 與不同的介詞搭配：with this method; in this way; by this means。
【直擊高考】1.At the meeting they discussed three different ___ to the study of mathematics. (2006湖北)
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
2. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy____ to the digital resources of the library.(2009浙江)
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
3. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(10上海)
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
4. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with that of their parents. (2009江蘇)
5. defend vt.保衛(wèi);保護(hù)defence n.防御;保衛(wèi);防護(hù)
defend...against... 保護(hù)……，防御……
defend...from(harm) 保護(hù)……不受(傷害)
in defence of …為了捍衛(wèi)….
defend one's argument 為某人的論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)
in sb’s/ sth’s defence 替某人辯護(hù)/提某事辯解
defense works 防御工事，防御工程
a defense satellite 防御衛(wèi)星
legal defence 正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)
辨析：defend, guard, protect
三者都有“保護(hù)”之意。
1) defend是普通用語(yǔ)，用在軍事上，指，防御;保衛(wèi)”，用于非軍事意義時(shí)，指“保護(hù);辯護(hù)”。defend常見(jiàn)的搭配為:to defend sb/sth against/from... ; defend oneslf 自衛(wèi)
2) guard指“守衛(wèi);監(jiān)視;戒備”，通常側(cè)重指警惕性非常高地防 范或戒備潛在的危險(xiǎn)。賓語(yǔ)后面可跟介詞 against 或from;表示保護(hù)某人或某物免受某種威脅等，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟against,表示防范、防止某事的發(fā)生。
3) protect側(cè)重表示提供各種保護(hù)手段或設(shè)施，以防遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害，或防御風(fēng)雨、寒冬、烈日、疾病等的侵襲。
【即景活用】
(1)We should ______ the child ______ harm.
(2)Their duty is to ______the country______its enemies.
(3)It’s our duty to ________ our country when it is attacked by the enemy.
A.guard B.protect C.prevent D.defend
5. function n.作用;功能;職能v.起作用;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
the function of the handle 把手的功用
abuse one’s functions 濫用職權(quán)
perform the function of …執(zhí)行…的功能
6. ease n.安逸;舒適v.減輕痛苦/憂慮
at ease 舒適;快活;自由自在 At ease!稍息(口令)
feel/ be at ease 感到舒適而無(wú)憂慮;完全放松
with ease 容易的;無(wú)困難的
ease one’s pain 緩解疼痛
ease one’s mind 使某人安心
look at ease看上去心情放松
put/set sb. at one‘s ease 使某人放松、松弛
take one’s ease 休息，輕松一下
【即景活用】
(1)He passed the examination ____________.他輕松地通過(guò)了考試。
(2)I never feel completely _________ with him.我跟他在一起總感到不是很自在。
7. in general總的來(lái)說(shuō);通常
【單詞家族】generally adv.一般地;通常地;普遍地
in general，… 總的來(lái)說(shuō)/一般來(lái)說(shuō)，……
The general opinion is that…普遍認(rèn)為……
It is generally believed that…普遍認(rèn)為……
Generally speaking… 總的來(lái)說(shuō)/一般而言……
as a general rule….一般而言;通常
general knowledge 常識(shí)
a general hospital/ manager 綜合醫(yī)院/ 總經(jīng)理
【思維拓展】
on the whole 總的來(lái)說(shuō)
generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
as a whole 就整體上來(lái)看
in a word 總之
【直擊高考】1.______,the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
2. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012安徽)
8. lose face丟臉
【思維拓展1】face短語(yǔ)用法歸納:
1) be faced with 面臨
2) face to face (with) 面對(duì)面，面臨，當(dāng)面
3) save face 保全面子
【思維拓展2】lose短語(yǔ)歸納:
lose heart 泄氣;灰心 lose one’s heart to 愛(ài)上;鐘情于
lose weight 減肥 lose one’s way 迷路
lose one’s life 喪生 lose courage 喪失勇氣
lose sight of 看不見(jiàn)
【直擊高考】
1. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ___.
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
2. _____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.
A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face
9. turn one’s back to …背對(duì);背棄
【思維拓展】“動(dòng)詞+ back”短語(yǔ)歸納：
turn back 往回走;折回 come back 回來(lái);折回
keep back 隱瞞，忍住 hold back 控制住
look back on/upon 回顧;回憶 call back 回電話
take back 拿回，收回;帶回 give back 歸還
fight back 還擊;還手 bring back 歸還
look back 回頭看 get back 找回;返回;回家
put back 放回原處;延期推遲
【直擊高考】You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ___ the books when you’ve finished with them. (2004全國(guó)I)
A. put on B. put down C. put back D.put off
2. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.(2012四川) —Sure. ______.
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will
3. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget toput it back on the shelf, will you? (07北京)
4. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back. (08北京)
10. be likely to do sth.很可能;有希望做….
likely 強(qiáng)調(diào)表面上看來(lái)有可能，與 probable 意思接近，有時(shí)可以互換，但 likely 常暗示從表面跡象來(lái)判斷。常用句型：
sth./ sb. is likely to do sth. 某人可能做某事
(不能說(shuō)It is likely for sb. to do sth.)
It is likely that…有可能.....
not likely (堅(jiān)決不同意)絕不可能，絕對(duì)不會(huì)
【注意】likely做副詞的時(shí)候多和most, very連用。
辨析：likely; probable; possible
1) probable 表示有幾分根據(jù)的推測(cè)，比 possible 表示的可能性大。probable 不能是人作主語(yǔ)，只能用It is probable for sb sto do sth. It is probable that …“有可能…. ”。
2) 表示客觀上潛在的可能性，也許實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性并不大。possible不能用人作主語(yǔ)，可用于兩種句型：
It is possible for sb to do sth. 某人可能做某事;
It is possible that …“有可能…. ”。
sth. is possible
as quickly/much/soon...as possible
【即景活用】
(1)It is _________ that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem ___________.
(2)The weather is ______________ to be fine.
(3)It is _________ for us to get fromBeijingtoTianjinin less than an hour.
【直擊高考】1. It is impossible for so ____ workers to do so____ work in a single day. (MET1988)
A. few; much B. few; many
C. little; much D. little; many
2. People are encouraged to speak openly, but careless words are ________ to hurt others’ feelings.
A. possible B. probable C. likely D. sure
3. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to a good researcher.( 06山東)
A.make B.turn? C.get D.grow
4.—Would she mind playing against her former teammates?(10浙江)
— She is willing to play against any tough players.
A. I think so. B. I’m not surprised.
C. Of course. D. Not likely!
5. Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (10陜西)
A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure
11. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各種文化背景下人們互致問(wèn)候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。
【思維拓展】
(1)not all...是部分否定，與 not構(gòu)成部分否定的詞還有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogether。Not every student passed the exam.并非所有的學(xué)生都通過(guò)了考試。
Not all of us can speak English.并非我們都會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。提示：表示全部否定的詞有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。
all→ none (一個(gè)人也沒(méi)有、沒(méi)有任何東西);
both→ neither (兩個(gè)都不);every→ no(沒(méi)有，不是);everyone→ no one(沒(méi)有人);everything→ nothing(什么也沒(méi)有)等。
I like neither of the books. 這兩本書(shū)我都不喜歡。
【即景活用】
The following sentences that have the same meaning are _______.
a.All is not gold that glitters.
b.None is gold that glitters.
c.All that glitters is not gold
.d.Not all gold glitters.
A.b，c B.a，c C.c，d D.a，b
(2)本句后半句是nor引起的倒裝句，nor位于句首時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝。即把助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，而真正謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后面。
歸納拓展：含有否定意義的詞置于句首往往引起部分倒裝：①含有否定意義的副詞放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等. ②含有否定意義的連詞置于句首，如： neither...nor, no sooner...than..., scarcely...when..., hardly...when...等。③含有否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，如： by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account等.【直擊高考】1. Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by John, and ______.(2008·遼寧)A.I was neither B.neither was I
C.I was either D.either was I
2. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found________of them again. (2010·重慶)
A.neither B.either C.each D.all
3. –––I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! (04全國(guó)III)
–––______________.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
4. Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (2012江西)
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
5. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and . (2011全國(guó)) A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
6. -Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
-But _____ of them are in fashion now
7.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like ______.
A. both of them B. either of them
C. none of them D. neither of them
8. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __ of the parents spoke the language.(北京2008)
A. none B. neither C. both D. each
9. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.(05江西)
高二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)就為大家介紹到這里，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。
(責(zé)任編輯：彭海芝)
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