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2017高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的方法

2017-01-05 09:00:09 來(lái)源：精品學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

　　學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)要實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行鞏固復(fù)習(xí)，才能對(duì)學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)不會(huì)生疏，育路網(wǎng)一直在努力為更多人帶來(lái)幫助，小編為大家整理了直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的方法，希望大家認(rèn)真閱讀做好復(fù)習(xí)!

　　一、如何變?nèi)朔Q(chēng);

　　下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化如：

　　She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.

　　“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)�；虮坏诙四闼揎�。從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱(chēng)，如：

　　He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。

　　“第三人稱(chēng)不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾從句中的人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化如：

　　Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。

　　二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：

　　直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

　　現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí);過(guò)去完成時(shí)則保留原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen.

　　2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so.

　　3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。

　　但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。

　�、僦苯右Z(yǔ)是客觀(guān)真理。

　　"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

　�、谥苯右Z(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

　�、壑苯右Z(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

　�、苤苯右Z(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

　　⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，(例：could, should, would, might)不再變。如：

　　Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

　　三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：

　　直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”(例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”改為“彼”(例：this 改為that),如：

　　He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.

　　四、如何變句型：

　�、僦苯右Z(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

　�、谥苯右Z(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

　　"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

　　"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

　�、壑苯右Z(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序)。

　　She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

　�、苤苯右Z(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth."句型。如：

　　"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

　　"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. →She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

　　⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞(或從句)。”如：

　　He said, " Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

　　引述別人的話(huà)有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話(huà)，這叫做直接引語(yǔ);一是用自己的話(huà)把人家的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如：

　　John said, "I’m going to London with my father."

　　約翰說(shuō)："我要和父親到倫敦去。"(引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ))

　　John said that he was going to London with his father.

　　約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ))

　　育路小編為大家提供的2017高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的方法到這里了，愿大家都能努力復(fù)習(xí)，豐富自己，鍛煉自己。

　　(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)

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