[參考譯文]有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯,例如輕踩剎車以操縱經濟軟著陸,使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學。沒有什么比這更遠離實際情況的了。
[結構剖析]在第一個句子中,其主干為Much of the language……, makes it sound like……。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語,后面的such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes是對前面的language進行進一步說明。第二個句子是一個簡單句。
[閱讀重點]如上所述的句子主干被確定之后,句子就不難理解了。為了簡化這個句子以便于理解,可以先把such as引導的部分忽略不看,那樣整個句子就比較好掌握了。注意make it sound like a precise science當中it指代前面提到的monetary policy.
2、Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
[參考譯文]因此這樣的類比(就如同)把執(zhí)行貨幣政策比作駕駛著一輛涂黑了擋風玻璃,打碎了后視鏡,并且方向盤無法正常工作的汽車。
[結構剖析]這句話承接前面陳述的原因。hence后面只是一個名詞詞組,中心詞是the analogy,后面that引導定語從句修飾前面的analogy with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介詞詞組修飾前面的名詞car.注意此句沒有謂語動詞,只是一個名詞性的短語。
[閱讀重點]理解這句話的關鍵在于hence的用法。hence的意思是for this reason,因此,所以,主要用于書面語,是副詞,可以連接一個完整的句子,也可以只跟一個名詞。例如:Baby found a pot of paint,hence all the marks on the wall.另外liken A to B意思是把A與B相比,把A比作B.
3、Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conentional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America‘s, have little productive slack.
[參考譯文]經濟學家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數據尤其感到驚訝,因為傳統(tǒng)的計量方法顯示兩國的經濟,特別是美國的經濟,幾乎沒有生產蕭條的時候。
[結構剖析]這是一個主從復合句,連詞since連接了兩句子。主句的主干是Economists have been……surprised by……。原因狀語從句的主干是conventional measures suggest that……,代詞that引導了賓語從句作為suggest的賓語。在這個賓語從句中,and especially America‘s相當于especially America’s economy,是前面主語both economies的同位語,用于強調美國經濟。
[閱讀重點]這里應該首先注意到since這個連詞,然后分別理解兩個句子,再把它們放在一起,這個句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意suggest不是建議的意思,而應該是顯示,指示。
語言點詳解
1. monetary貨幣的
[大綱詞匯] monetary a.金融的,貨幣的
[經典例句] The new monetary policy will help revitalize the economy.
2. steering sth to引導
[大綱詞匯] steer v.駕駛,掌握
[經典例句] The receptionist steered her to the meeting room.
3. soft landing軟著陸
4. a touch on the brakes踩剎車
[大綱詞匯] brake n./v……制動(器),剎車,閘
5. precise精確的
[大綱詞匯] precise a.精確的,準確的
[經典例句] He finished the task by following his precise instructions.
6. be further from the truth離真理更遠了
[大綱詞匯] further ad./a.更遠(的),更往前(的);進一步(的)further from(far from)的比較級,表示離…更遠
[經典例句]If you follow this direction,you will be further from your destination.
7. long, variable lags長期,多變的滯后狀況
[大綱詞匯]lag n./.落后(于),滯后(于)variable a.易變的;可變的,變量的;n.變量
8. analogy類比
[大綱詞匯] analogy n比擬,類比analog/analogue n.類似物;模擬
[經典例句]I see no analogy between your problems and mine.
9. liken把…比作
[擴充詞匯] liken v.把…比作(to)
[經典例句] He likens the archeologist to detective searching for ancient clues.
10. conduct管理方式
[大綱詞匯] conduct n.行為,品行,舉動v.引導,帶領;處理,管理;指揮(樂隊);傳導,傳(熱,電等)
[經典例句]His conduct of the business was very successful.
11. windscreen(汽車上的)擋風玻璃
12. rearview(車輛上的)后視鏡
13. faulty有毛病的
[大綱詞匯] faulty a.有缺點的,有錯誤的fault n.過失,過錯;缺點,毛病
[經典例句]The accident was owing to the faulty design of the car.
14. steering wheel(汽車上的)方向盤
15. boast about夸耀
[大綱詞匯] boast v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀;n.自夸,大話
[經典例句] He boasted to us about the new car he purchased lately.
16. of late比較近以來
[擴充詞匯]of late比較近以來
[經典例句]He looked very tired of late
17. inflation通貨膨脹
[大綱詞匯] inflation n.通貨膨脹
[經典例句] New policies were made to curb inflation.
18. double-digit兩位數
19. forecaster預測者
[大綱詞匯] forecast v./n.預測,預報
[衍生詞匯] forecaster n.天氣預報員;(經濟形式的預測者)
[經典例句] He works as a business forecaster.
20. predict預測
[大綱詞匯] predict v.預測,預言,預告
[經典例句]It did snow in the afternoon as he predicted.
21.panel專門小組
[大綱詞匯] panel n.面,板;控制板,儀表盤;專門小組
[經典例句] The panel of experts decided to meet on Monday.
22. poll民意測驗
[大綱詞匯] poll n.民意測驗;(pl.)政治選舉,大選;v.對一進行民意測驗;獲得…選票
[經典例句] The Republican candidate won a bigger margin in the latest poll.
23. There is no flash in the pan.情況并未發(fā)生逆轉。
[擴充詞匯] flash來回的轉換;pan平底鍋
24. favourable有利的
[大綱詞匯] favourable/ favorable a.贊許的,有利的,順利的
[詞匯比較] favorite/favourite a.比較喜歡的,中意的注意;兩詞同是favor的衍生詞匯,但意思不同,注意區(qū)別。
[經典例句] The situation will develop in the direction favorable to his rivals.
25. productive slack生產蕭條
[大綱詞匯] slack a.懈怠的,懶散的,松弛的,不緊的;蕭條的;n.淡季,蕭條;[pl.]便褲,運動褲
[經典例句] There is a certain amount of slack in the car industry at the moment.
26. utilisation利用
[大綱詞匯] utilization / untilization n.利用utilize/utilise v.利用utility n.有用,效用
[經典例句」The utilisation of solar energy has partly solved environmental problems in this area.
27. take off開始
[擴充詞義]take off開始,開始流行
[經典例句]The design first took off in American colleges.
25. thrilling令人震驚的
[大綱詞匯] thrill n.令人激動的事;v.使激動,使興奮;使毛骨諫然
[衍生詞匯]thrilling a.令人震驚的,令人激動的
[經典例句] The story has a thrilling climax at the end.
29. defective有缺陷的
[大綱詞匯]defect n.缺點,缺陷
[衍生詞匯] defective a.有缺陷的
[經典例句] He returned the defective goods to the salesman……
30. upend顛倒
[擴充詞匯] upend v.顛倒,使倒立,倒放;打倒,推翻
[經典例句]He upended the wine bottle over his glass,but only a drop or two ran out.
31. foresee預見
[大綱詞匯] foresee v.預見,預知
[經典例句] The captain foresaw the danger ahead.
32. bo comparable to可比較的
[大綱詞匯] comparable a.(with,to)可比較的,比得上的
[經典例句] The dinner was comparable to the best French cooking.
33. be puzzled by迷惑
[大綱詞匯] puzzle v.(使)迷惑,(使)為難;n.難題,謎,迷惑
[經典例句] We are all puzzled by his abnormal behavior.
34. be amazed at對…感到驚訝
[大綱詞匯] amaze v.使驚愕,使驚奇,是驚嘆
[經典例句] I was amazed at the news.
全文翻譯
很多用來描述貨幣政策的詞,如引導經濟軟著陸,觸動經濟剎車,聽起來像是一門精確的科學。事實遠非如此。利率和通貨膨脹之間的關系難以確定。在政策改變對經濟產生影響前會有一段較長時間且變化不定的后滯期。因此,才會有人將貨幣政策的指導比做是駕駛一輛帶有黑色擋風玻璃、后視鏡破碎及方向盤失靈的汽車。
盡管有這么多不利因素,中央銀行家們似乎對近來的形勢有了不少值得夸耀的東西。西方七大工業(yè)國去年的平均通貨膨脹率降至僅2.3%,接近30年來的比較低水平。今年7月略微升高到2.5%。這遠遠低于許多國家在70年代和80年代早期經歷的兩位數的膨脹率。
這也低于許多預測者預測的數字。1994年底,每月接受《經濟學家》意見調查的一組經濟學家指出,美國在1995年的平均通貨膨脹率將達到3.5%。實際上,8月份就降到了2.6%。而且有望達到全年平均僅為3%。去年年底,英國和日本的通貨膨脹率實際上比預測的要低半個百分點。這不是曇花一現。在過去幾年里,英國和美國的通貨膨脹率始終低于預測水平。
經濟學家對英美兩國有利的通脹率感到特別詫異,因為傳統(tǒng)的計量方法表明兩國經濟,特別是美國經濟幾乎沒有生產蕭條的時候。比如,美國的生產力利用率在今年前段時間達到了歷史比較高水平,失業(yè)率(8月份為5.6%)已降到低于對自然失業(yè)率的大多數估測-過去,當比率低于自然失業(yè)率時,通貨膨脹率早已迅速上升。
為何通貨膨脹如此的和緩?可惜的是,這比較令人震驚的解釋有一點缺陷。一些經濟學家認為,世界經濟結構強有力的變化已經推翻了那個以經濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史上相互關聯為基礎的舊的經濟模式。
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