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提高在職研英語閱讀速度的突破口:關鍵詞

作者:   發(fā)布時間:2010-12-24 15:42:29  來源:育路教育網(wǎng)

    在對在職研英語文章的瀏覽(即略讀,skimming)過程中,對文中信息重要性的判斷可以幫助讀者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在瀏覽過程中,讀者可以通過尋找“關鍵詞”來區(qū)分重要信息和非重要信息。育路網(wǎng)為大家搜集整理了閱讀過程中常見的幾類“關鍵詞”:

    1. 以下詞組提示下文所涉及的重要信息:The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。The point to note here…

    2. 以下詞組提示了下文的結構框架: There are three major reasons…

    3. but 和 however表示對比,常常用來提示重要信息,例如:The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.

    4. 在文中提問可以突出問題后的答案,提示讀者答案中有重要信息,例如:

    Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.

    5. 有時,為了保證讀者完全理解自己的觀點,作者會在文中反復提出自己的觀點,例如:

    Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

    6. 文章的結論通常是非常重要的,因此,讀者要在文中尋找提示結論的“信號詞”,例如:Thereforethe result In conclusionwe can concludeOne of the primary conclusions

    7. 舉例是為了幫助讀者理解某一個觀點,因此,文中的例子不是瀏覽文章時的重要信息。在閱讀過程中,以下詞組提示讀者下文是舉例部分信息。   For example/instancelike      Such asthese include To illustrateamong these are

    有時,作者也會用破折號或括號來提示舉例信息,例如:  The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.

    Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…

    在段落瀏覽時,讀者在看到信號詞后,應不斷對下文信息作出相應的判斷,例如:

    The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,僅僅是為了用來證明前面的觀點) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria.

    Why (提示:問題的答案中有讀者應該關注的重點) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:這只是眾多答案中的一種,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息)。 For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:這里是作者想要強調的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

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