第十單元

    1.�？紗卧~：

    election  vote  certainty  loyalty  decline  democrat  strategy  pursue  impact  headquarters  economy  stir  congress  representative

    2. �？荚~組：

    to identify……as 　 impact on

    3. �？季渥樱�

    1）Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4）

    2）Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics. （para. 4）

    此句注意主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)。

    3）A year later，with the nation's economy in trouble，Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent.

    4）Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.

    5）Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.

    第十一單元

    1.常考單詞：

    disorder  irrelevant　misleading　irresponsible   eventual　replace   partly   undergo   suitable   to do research into   be central to　be irrelevant to   to aim for

    2. �？季渥樱�

    1）The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.

    2）Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.

    3）People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.

    4）It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.

    5）The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.

    6）Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.

    7）The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.

    8）This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.

    9）Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.

    10）This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.

    include 后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

    11）In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg.

    involve 后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

    12）When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.

    When it comes to 當(dāng)提到 … 的時(shí)候

    第十二單元

    1.�？紗卧~：

    symptom 　intellectual 　detail 　initial　inventor    confront 　sensitivity 　reflection　creativity   character   trace 　 modest　investment   to substitute … for   be contrary to   to put off　be confronted with   to gaze at   be unaware of   to impress…on   be free from   be beneficial to

    2. �？季渥樱�

    1）At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.

    2）There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.（para.2）

    3）Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. （para.2）

    4）Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and self-direction become endangered. （para.2）

    5）But its beneficial effects go beyond this. （para. 3）

    Go beyond 表示“超越 …，不僅僅是 … ”

    6）Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.

    Take advantage of 利用

    7）Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. （para.7）

    8） Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success.

    The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.

    第十三單元

    1.�？紗卧~：

    compel   voluntary   undertake   coincide   manual　efficiency   compulsion   division   eliminate   boring   amusement   so far as …knows   to coincide with   attitude toward   to go in for

    2. 常考句子：

    1）He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.

    2）Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.

    3）The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.

    4）So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.