2012年貨運代理考試英語第三章輔導(dǎo)講義
來源：考試大發(fā)布時間：2012-08-01
國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的由來
1-1 課文：In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”.
核心句：to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules...
注釋：
In order to: 為了...
Commonly: 一般的，通常的，普遍的 = generally, usually
Interpretation : 解釋，說明
Trade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語 (另外：比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)
ICC:全稱：International Chamber of Commerce.國際商會。
Incoterms: 全稱：International Commercial Terms 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則
Be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為...，以...著稱
這句話大致的意思是：為了給國際貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語提供一套解釋的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，國際商會與1936年發(fā)布了一套用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際規(guī)則，統(tǒng)稱為“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000”。
1-2 課文：Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.
注釋：
Later : 稍候，隨后 (另外latest: 最近的，最新的)
Amendment: 修改，修正(尤指對規(guī)則，法律，聲明等條款的修正，修訂，修改)
Addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)
In line with: 與...一致，與...相同 (相反的是：out of line with)
Current: 現(xiàn)今的，當(dāng)代的，時下的
Trade practices: 國際貿(mào)易慣例，國際貿(mào)易實踐
這句話大致意思是：以后又對此通則作了修改和補充，以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易實踐的發(fā)展。
1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.
注釋：
Edition: ( 書籍，書刊等的)版本，版次。
Specify: 具體說明，詳細說明，規(guī)定(名詞：specification: 說明書)
Whether...or...: 是...還是...
Be responsible for: 負責(zé)...，承擔(dān)...責(zé)任
Necessity: 必須，需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)
Export license: 出口許可證
Inspection: 檢驗 (商品檢驗：commodity inspection)
Obligation: 職責(zé)，義務(wù)
后一句話我們可以換成這樣一句來理解：
Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(dān)(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。
這段話大致的意思是：最新的版本是“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000”，它包含了13個不同的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語。每一個貿(mào)易術(shù)語都明確規(guī)定由誰來辦理出口許可證，出口清關(guān)，商品檢驗及其他義務(wù)。
1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.
注釋：
They = 13 trade terms
Point: 在這里是一個抽象的概念，指“在空間或者時間真實的或想象當(dāng)中的某一點”例如：at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻，在此地)
Risk: 風(fēng)險
Activity: 活動，行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù)，待做的工作”)
這句話我們理解為：The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(風(fēng)險的轉(zhuǎn)移)and division of costs.(費用的劃分)
這句話大致的意思是：這13個術(shù)語還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風(fēng)險在哪一點由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方，以及哪方面承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費用。
1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.
注釋：
Conduct: 管理，經(jīng)營，處理=manage, control
Purchase:購買 = buy
Mutual: 相互的，彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 對于...達到共識)
Therefore: 因此，為此
這句話的大致意思是：買方和賣方如果采用通則中的一個術(shù)語做貿(mào)易的話，就會清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費用以及各自的義務(wù)。
