2012年貨運代理考試英語第十章輔導(dǎo)講義
來源:考試大發(fā)布時間:2012-08-01
一、海運運費率的類型 (考試重點)
1-1 課文: Ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into tramp rates and liner freight rates.
注釋:freight rate: 海運運費率 broadly: 廣泛,寬廣地,大致上地 divide into: 分為,分成 tramp rate: 不定期船運費率 liner freight rate: 班輪運輸費率
課文意思:海運運費費率可大致上分成不定期船運費率和班輪運費率。
1. 不定期船費率
特點:
課文:Tramp rates fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand. In a boom period, the tramp rates rise; in a period of recession, they decline.
不定期船費率隨航運市場的供求關(guān)系而波動。在市場繁榮時期,不定期船費率上升,在市場蕭條時期,費率下降(注釋:fluctuate:變動,波動,漲落 boom: 繁榮 recession: 不景氣,蕭條)]
2.班輪運輸費率
特點:
課文:Liner freight rates are fixed by shipping conferences and other liner operators; they are related more to the costs of operation and remain comparatively steady over a period of time. 班輪運費率由班輪公會和其他的班輪營運人確定;他們多與營運成本密切相關(guān),在一定時期內(nèi)保持相對穩(wěn)定。(注釋:fixed: 固定的,確定的 shipping conference: 班輪公會 liner operator: 班輪營運人 comparatively: 比較地,相當(dāng)?shù)?steady: 穩(wěn)定的,穩(wěn)固的,堅定的 over a period of time: 在一定時期內(nèi) )
二、班輪運費費用的范圍 (考試重點)
2-1 課文:Freight forwarders are mainly concerned with liner freight rates.
注釋:mainly: 大體上,主要地 be concerned with: 和…有關(guān)
課文意思: 貨運代理主要涉及班輪運費率。
2-2 課文:Although the principles on which the liner freight rates are fixed have not been clarified by shipping conferences or operators, it is evident that the cost of providing such services will cover actual costs and a margin of profit.
注釋:although: 盡管,雖然 principle: 原則,法則,原理 clarify: 澄清,闡明 evident: 明顯的,顯然的 actual: 實際的,真實的,現(xiàn)行的,目前的 margin: 利潤,(時間、金額的)富余 profit: 利潤,益處,得益
課文意思:盡管班輪公會或班輪經(jīng)營人對班輪費率的確定原則并不公開,但是很顯然,提供班輪服務(wù)的運輸成本應(yīng)包括實際運輸成本和利潤額度。
2-3 課文:The total costs of providing the services consist of fixed costs and variable costs.
注釋:total: 總的,全部的,整個的 consist of: 由…組成 fixed cost: 固定成本 variable cost: 可變成本 (variable: 可變的,不定的,易變的)
課文意思:這些服務(wù)的全部費用由固定成本和可變成本兩個部分組成。
1. 固定成本包含的費用
1) cost of officers and crew 船員的工資 (officer: 船長 crew: 全體船員)
2) insurance 保險
3) repairs and maintenance 維修和保養(yǎng)費(repair: 維修,修理 maintenance: 維護(hù),保養(yǎng))
4) stores 物料費 (stores: 物料)
5) administrative costs 管理費用 (administrative: 管理的,行政的)
6) interests and depreciation 利息以及折舊 (interest: 利息,利益 depreciation: 折舊,貶值,減價,跌落)
2.可變成本包含的費用
1) cost of fuel 燃料費 (fuel: 燃料)
2) loading and unloading expenses 裝卸費 (loading: 裝載 unloading: 卸載 = discharge)
3) port costs 港口費