第五節(jié)閱讀理解強化練習

    Passage 3

    Before the 1870, trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States, Hospital nursing was an unskilled occupation taken up by women of the lower classes, some of whom were conscripted from the penitentiary or the almshouse. The movement for reform originated not with doctors, but among upper-class women, who had taken on the role of guardians of a new hygienic order. Though some doctors approved of the womendesire to establish a nurses training school, which would attract the daughters of the middle class, other medical men were opposed. Plainly threatened by the prospect, they objected that educated nurses would not do as they were told-a remarkable comment on the status anxieties of nineteenth-century physicians. But the women reformers did not depend on the physicians approval: When resisted, as they were at Bellevue in efforts to install trained nurses on the maternity wards, they went over the heads of the doctors to men of their own class of greater power and authority. (Florence Nightingale, who had friends high in the English government, had followed exactly the same course in reforming beer country military hospitals.) Professional nursing, in short, emerged neither from medical discoveries nor from a program of hospital reform initiated by physicians; outsiders saw the need first.209

    11. Which of the following the best title for the passage?

    A. Public Hygiene in the United States

    B. Florence Nightingale: A Nurse Story

    C. The Fight for Nursing Education in the United States

    D. Health Care in Upper and Lower-Class Neighborhoods

    12. According to the passage, nurses in the United States in the 1850 could best be described as

    A. poor, untrained womenB. young medical students

    C. wives of military officersD. middle-class men and women

    13. The author states that the first advocates of nursing training in the United States were

    A. medical menB. upper-class women

    C. professional nursesD. military commanders

    14. Why does the author mention Florence Nightingale?

    A. To describe the career of a pioneer of United States medicine

    B. To show that women doctors supported the effort to upgrade nursing

    C. To prove that conditions differed in military and civilian hospitals

    D. To show the similarity of her tactics to those used by United States reformers

    15. In line 24, the word “outsiders” refers to people who

    A. had been rejected by society

    B. were not part of the medical establishment

    C. had been severely injured in military combat

    D. were not citizens of the United States

    11.【答案】C

    【解析】The Fight for Nursing Education in the United States；本文從頭到尾講的全是美國上層婦女為建立護士教育而進行的斗爭。略讀一遍，讀懂大意，即可得出正確答案為C。

    12.【答案】A

    【解析】poor, untrained women；本文第二句描述的1870年代以前的護士，是unskilled，來自lower classes的婦女。這意味著她們是未受過訓練的貧窮婦女。

    13.【答案】B

    【解析】upper-class women本文第三句中的The movement for reform是指要求改革當時的護理狀況，進行護理訓練。即使不認識originated和advocate這兩個詞，也可據(jù)此猜出正確答案為B。

    14.【答案】D

    【解析】To show the similarity of her tactics to those used by United States reformers；文末括號中關(guān)于Nightingale的這一句明確指出，她采取了與美國改革者們完全一樣的做法，故正確答案為。來源：www.examda.com

    15.【答案】B

    【解析】were not part of the medical establishment；大體讀懂最后一句，即可看出這里的outsiders是指醫(yī)務界以外的人，故正確答案為B。

    Passage 4

    At CapeChurchill in northeastern Manitoba, where the shore of Hudson Bay makes an abrupt 92-degree turn to the west, polar bears congregate in the autumn, waiting for the ice that is their home. By November, pack ice has formed beyond the fast ice, and the bears are moving. To be at the very tip of the Cape in November is to be in the middle of a slow but steadily flowing river of bears, methodically picking their way across the jumbled ice in a straight-line push for their hunting grounds.

    The polar bears of Hudson Bay are a distinct population thriving at the southern end of their range. Polar bears live on seals, and to hunt them the bears must have ice to get to where the seals are. Yet in Hudson Bay the ice melts by July and the bears have to come ashore, there to spend four months eating very little, digging into sand dunes and dirt so they can stay cool in the summer “hear,” relaxing into a physiological state like that of black bears in winter dens. They are the polar bear population most accessible to humans, and they are not only the best studied but the most easily experienced by amateur naturalists, photographers, and just plain tourists. 213

    16. With what aspect of bears lives is the passage mainly concerned?

    A. Their evolutionB. Their hunting skills

    C. Their temperamentD. Their seasonal movements

    17. According to the passage, polar bears congregate at CapeChurchill during the

    A. springB. summerC. fallD. winter

    18. The author uses the expression “steadily flowing river of bears” (line7) to illustrate the

    A. large number of migrating bears

    B. bears graceful movements

    C. danger the bears represent

    D. bears love of the water

    19. When the bears move out onto the ice, they look for their

    A. densB. youngC. foodD. mates

    20. It can be inferred from the passage that the polar bear population of Hudson Bay

    A. is one of several polar bear populations

    B. is unfriendly toward humans

    C. consumes food voraciously during the whole yeas

    D. is an endangered species

    16.【答案】D

    【解析】Their seasonal movements；本文沒有涉及北極熊的進化A與性格C；對于它的捕獵海豹B，僅有一句話涉及，并非主要內(nèi)容。本文第一段和第二段的大部分，談的都是北極熊隨季節(jié)變化而進行的遷移D。

    17.【答案】C

    【解析】fall；文中第一句中的主句指出北極熊在秋天聚集，正確答案為C。

    18.【答案】A

    【解析】large number of migrating bears；“steadily flowing river of bears”是一種形象的說法。把北極熊的行列比喻為一條“不停地流動的河流”，以說明其數(shù)目之多，正確答案為A。

    19.【答案】C

    【解析】food；第二段第二句后半句解釋了北極熊走到冰上的原因：去到有海豹的地方捕捉海豹，而海豹是其藉以生存的食物，因而正確答案為C。

    20.【答案】A

    【解析】is one of several polar bear populations；本文最后一句是通過推論求解本題的主要依據(jù)。這一句中的主語They顯然是指the polar bear population of Hudson Bay. 它們既然是“人最易接近的北極熊”，除了它們之外，必然還有人不那么容易接近的北極熊。由此可以推論：它們僅是北極熊中的一種而已，故正確答案為A。