“疑問(wèn)詞 + ever”是近年來(lái)
高考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)，在各版本的中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，而且是學(xué)生理解和掌握的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。從不同角度論述這方面內(nèi)容的文章很多，本文試圖別辟蹊徑，簡(jiǎn)單明了地歸納講解這一問(wèn)題。
“疑問(wèn)詞 + ever ”可分為兩類，“疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever ”： whatever / whichever / whoever （賓格 whomever ）和“疑問(wèn)副詞 + ever ”： wherever / whenever / however.
不論是“疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever ”還是“疑問(wèn)副詞 + ever ”，其意義都是“不管 / 無(wú)論 + 該疑問(wèn)詞的本義”。
1. “疑問(wèn)代詞 + ever”可引導(dǎo)兩種類型的從句，即讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句）。
（1）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí) whatever / whoever / whichever 分別等于“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：
Whatever happened， he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldn't say a word.
Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you （may） take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you （may） take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意：這類從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，從句中也常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may / might .
（2）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：
Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主語(yǔ)從句）
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （賓語(yǔ)從句）
Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主語(yǔ)從句）
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. （常用 whoever 代替 whomever）
此時(shí)它們都不能換成“ no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who， whatever 等于 anything that.
2. “疑問(wèn)副詞 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引導(dǎo)一種類型的從句，即讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)它們分別等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如：
Wherever he goes （may go）. I'll follow him. = No matter where he goes （may go），I'll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.
However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
注意：當(dāng) however 用作連接副詞時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而 whenever/ wherever 則不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：
I'll give you however much money you need. （賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí) however 不能改成 no matter how ）。
3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 與 whenever / wherever /???? however 分別可相當(dāng)于 what / which / who 與 when / where / how 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式，引起的特殊疑問(wèn)句往往是簡(jiǎn)單句，與原疑問(wèn)詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣更為強(qiáng)烈，翻譯時(shí)可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如：
What（ever） are you doing ？ 你（到底）在干什么？
Which（ever） do you want to buy ？ 你（究竟）要買哪一個(gè)？
Who（ever） told you such a foolish story？ （究竟）是誰(shuí)講給你這么蠢的事？
When（ever） can I enjoy a long vacation？ （究竟）什么時(shí)候才能給我放個(gè)長(zhǎng)假呢？
Where（ever） did you leave your dictionary？ 你（究竟）把詞典放哪兒了？
How（ever） did you collect so much money？ 你（到底）是怎樣籌到這么多錢的？
育路高考 
