4.-ing形式作后置定語則可表示：正在進行或發(fā)生的行為（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句要用進行進態(tài)）；現(xiàn)在（或當時）的狀態(tài)（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時常用一般時態(tài)）。如：

　　The car waiting nearby （=which is waiting nearby） is a Ford.

　　等著附近的那輛小汽車是福特車。

　　The music being played（=which is being played） on the piano sounds very familiar.

　　正在鋼琴上演奏的這首曲子聽起來很熟悉。

　　5.短暫性動詞的-ing形式一般式一般不可用后置定語。如：

　　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

　　應邀參加這次晚會的大多數(shù)人是著名的科學家。

　　不能說成：

　　Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists.

　　6.-ing分詞的完成式一般不能后置定語，除非為非限制性的后置定語。如：

　　This is the question discussed （=which has been discussed） for thousands of years. The question， having been discussed for thousands of years， has now been solved. 討論多年的這個問題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了。

　　不可說成：

　　This is the question having been discussed for thousands of years.

　　7.being＋adj.不能單獨用作后置定語

　　不能說： Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here.

　　應為：Anyone （who is） fit for this job can sign your name here. 任何勝任這項工作的人可以在這里簽名。

　　8.分詞作定語時，如有逗號與被修飾的名詞分開，相當于一個非限制性的定語。如：

　　The story， written by a young girl， became popular with the young.

　　這個故事在年輕人間很流行，這是位小姑娘寫的。

　　9.不定式作定語可以有自己的邏輯主語。如

　　It is spring， the time for us to plant trees.

　　春天正是植樹的好季節(jié)。